- Autoregulation
Autoregulation is a specific form of
homeostasis used to describe the tendency of the body to keepblood flow constant when blood pressure varies. [eMedicineDictionary|Autoregulation] .While most systems of the body show some degree of autoregulation, it is most clearly observed in the
kidney , theheart , and thebrain . [http://www.cvphysiology.com/Blood%20Flow/BF004.htm Autoregulation ] ] Perfusion of these organs (especially the latter two) is essential for life, and through autoregulation the body can divert blood (and thus,oxygen ) where it is most needed.One key component of autoregulation is the absence of central control. The "auto" in autoregulation refers to the ability of the organ to maintain a stable flow without the involvement of the
autonomic nervous system .Renal autoregulation
In the
kidneys , autoregulation is primarily concerned with maintainingrenal blood flow andglomerular filtration rate . [ [http://people.bu.edu/fgarcia/lectures/renal1/sld010.htm Autoregulation of RBF and GFR ] ]There are two main techniques by which renal autoregulation is maintained: [ [http://www.fys.dtu.dk/Centre/BioCom/Research%20projects/Nephron%20Autoregulation.aspx Nephron Autoregulation ] ]
*Myogenic mechanism : as blood flow increases, theafferent arterioles are stretched, they contract, and subsequently reduce blood flow
*Tubuloglomerular feedback : themacula densa "senses" the blood pressure and causesvasoconstriction Cardiovascular autoregulation
In the
heart , the behavior of autoregulation is similar to that in the kidney, but there is no macula densa involved in the circuit. In the case of heart tissue that is in a state of high metabolic activity, autoregulation occurs due to increased metabolic bi-products such aslactic acid ,carbon dioxide , and decreased oxygen and causes coronary vessel dilation. The autoregulation of coronary vessels is mediated by the equilibrium of ATP, ADP, AMP, and Adenosine in the myocardial cell. When there is a high amount of oxygen, the equilibrium is shifted towards ATP. When there is a lack of oxygen, it is shifted toward Adenosine. Adenosine causes vasodilation and therefore increases the supply of oxygen.Cerebral autoregulation
More so than most other organs, the brain is very sensitive to overperfusion, and cerebral autoregulation plays an important role in maintaining an appropriate blood pressure to that region. More detail is available at
Cerebral perfusion pressure .ee also
*
Renin-angiotensin system References
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