Hnojník

Infobox City
official_name = Hnojník
native_name = Gnojnik
nickname =
settlement_type = Village
motto =

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imagesize =
image_caption = Château in Hnojník

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image_shield = Znak-obce-hnojnik.gif
pushpin_

pushpin_label_position = none
pushpin_map_caption = Location in the Czech Republic
subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name = Czech Republic
subdivision_type1 = Region
subdivision_name1 = Moravian-Silesian
subdivision_type2 = District
subdivision_name2 = Frýdek-Místek
leader_title = Mayor
leader_name = Dagmar Molinová
established_title = First mentioned
established_date = 1305
area_magnitude = 1 E8
area_total_km2 = 6.41
population_as_of = 2006
population_note =
population_total = 1487
population_density_km2 = auto
latd = 49
latm = 40
lats = 52
latNS = N
longd = 18
longm = 32
longs = 21
longEW = E
elevation_m = 365
postal_code_type = Postal code
postal_code = 739 53
website = [http://www.hnojnik.cz/ http://www.hnojnik.cz/]
footnotes =

Audio|Hnojnik.ogg|Hnojník (Polish: Audio-nohelp|Gnojnik.ogg|"Gnojnik", _de. Hnoynik, Gnoynik) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic, on the Stonávka River. It has a population of 1,446 (2001 census); 11.5% of the population are Poles. [cite web |url= http://www.czso.cz/sldb/sldb2001.nsf/obce/598160?OpenDocument |title= 2001 census data |accessdate= |author= |date= |work= |publisher= Czech Statistical Office ]

History

The village lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia and was first mentioned in a written document in 1305 as "Gnoynik". [Hosák et al 1970, 266.] Since the 15th century, it was owned by several noble families. In 1736, the village was bought by Karl Beess. The Beess family was the last feudal owner of the Hnojník manor.cite web |url=http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/cz-fm-hn.html |title=Hnojník (Czech Republic) |accessdate=2008-07-08 |last=Bakker |first=Jarig |coauthors= |date=2002-06-18 |work= |publisher=Flags of the World] The local population worked mostly as peasants on the properties of the Beess family. Several mills operated in the village. The Beess family established a brewery, distillery and a brickworks. In 1917, Teschen-based Jewish businessman Ignaz Schmelz established a steam-powered sawmill; in 1923, it burnt down and was rebuilt only to be closed soon after.

After the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, the village became part of Czechoslovakia as Hnojník. At the beginning of July 1930, the village was visited by Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, President of Czechoslovakia who then travelled across the Czechoslovak part of Cieszyn Silesia. Following the Munich Agreement, in October 1938, Hnojník and the whole Zaolzie region were annexed by Poland. The village was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. After the war, it was restored to Czechoslovakia. The Bess family property was confiscated in November 1945. [Cicha 2004, 34.] In 1946, baron Georg Beess [In Czech literature the Czech form of his name, Jiří appears, in Polish, Jerzy appears.] , the last noble from the Beess family to own properties in Hnojník, was expelled from the country and was deprived of his property according to the Beneš decrees affecting the Germans in Czechoslovakia. The mayor of Hnojník refused to sign the decree to expel Georg Beess, [Cicha 2004, 33. (photocopy of an expelling decree having a footnote reading (translated), "The decree to expel Georg Beess which the mayor of Hnojník refused to sign.")] nevertheless he was expelled to Germany where he died in 1955. [ [http://www.hnojnik.cz/index.php?page=obec&page1=historie&page2=zamek O obci - Zámek v Hnojníku] from the village's official website]

Landmarks

The most prominent landmark in Hnojník is a baroque château built in 1736 in the central part of the village by order of Karl Beess. It was rebuilt in an empire style in the first half of the 19th century according to the plans of Viennese architect Joseph Kornhäusel. After World War II, the château was confiscated by the state administration as was mentioned above. Part of the furniture and paintings was relocated to the château in Šternberk. However, a significant part of it was stolen by unknown persons. The library was relocated to Šternberk and Potštát. The château became a property of the local administration and since 1966 of the collective farm (JZD). Since the 1970s, the château slowly dilapidated. After the fall of communism in 1989, it became a property of a private owner who didn't renovate it and the landmark continued to dilapidate. The state administration sold the landmark in 2008 to a new private owner, after the old one lost his property rights when he was imprisoned. The château in Hnojník remains one of the most endangered cultural landmarks in the country.

Another important landmark is the Roman Catholic Ascension of the Virgin Mary Church. It is not clear when it was built, but the initial wooden church was torn down and a new brick empire style one built in its place in 1808–1812.

There is a Catholic cemetery adjacent to the church. It is bordered by a 19th century stone wall. The Beess family tomb is located there. This rectangular building was built in the second half of the 19th century in an empire style.

The first school was built in the 17th century; it is not clear exactly when. The language of instruction was Polish and later also German. The second school in the village began operating in 1853. It was a private Protestant school. Since 1874, it was a public school, therefore also Catholic children could attend it. The language of instruction was Polish. Both schools were joined in 1923 to one Polish school which operates to date. In June 2008, it was named after Jan Kubisz, the most known personality linked to Hnojník (Gnojnik). Kubisz was an educator and writer, author of the poem "Płyniesz Olzo po dolinie" which became an unofficial anthem of the Zaolzie region, especially local Poles. His house still stands in the village.

The first Czech school, the Catholic one, was formed in 1920. It was, however, replaced by a completely new, large Czech school built in 1931 and named after Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, President of Czechoslovakia.

People

* Jan Kubisz, Polish educator and writer, taught here for most of his life
* Adam Makowicz, Polish jazz musician, was born here

Footnotes

References

* cite book
last = Cicha
first = Irena
coauthors =
title = Stonawka od źródła do ujścia
publisher = Regio
year = 2004
location = Český Těšín
pages =
url =
doi =
isbn = 80-239-3850-9

* cite book
last = Hosák
first = Ladislav
coauthors = and Rudolf Šrámek
title = Místní jména na Moravě a ve Slezsku I, A-L
publisher = Academia
year = 1970
location = Praha
pages =
url =
doi =
id =

* cite book
last = Londzin
first = Józef
coauthors =
title = Kościoły drewniane na Śląsku Cieszyńskim
publisher = Dziedzictwo błog. Jana Sarkandra
year = 1932
location = Cieszyn
pages = 79-86
url = http://www.kc-cieszyn.pl/biblioteka/strony/ramka.php?autor=londzin3&licz=1
doi =
id =

* cite news
last = Radłowska-Obrusnik
first = Martyna
coauthors =
title = Jan Kubisz wreszcie patronuje gnojnickiej szkole!
work = Głos Ludu
page = 1
language =
publisher =
date = 2008-06-24
url =
accessdate =

*

External links

* [http://www.hnojnik.cz/ Official website]