Coorg National Council

Codava National Council
Leader	N U Nachappa
Preceded by	Kodagu Rajya Mukthi Morcha
Headquarters	Capital Village, Madikeri, Kodagu
Website
[2]
Politics of India Political parties Elections

Map of South Indian states prior to the States Reorganisation Act,1956. Kodagu (then called Coorg), home of the Kodavas, is in dark green.

Codava National Council, is a political party in the Indian state of Karnataka. Until 2000 the name of CNC was Kodagu Rajya Mukti Morcha (KRMM or Kodagu State Liberation Front). The CNC is struggling for Codava land autonomous region under the 6th schedule of the Constitution and constitutional special guarantee for Codava (Kodava) Jamma land and Jamma malai land under Article 370 and 371 of the Constitution,as has been done in relation to the lands of State of J and K and North Eastern states of India, Ethno linguistic tribal minority nationality status to Codavas under Article 340 and 342 of the Constitution, inclusion of Codava Thakk (see Kodava takk) in the 8th schedule of the Constitution, Constitution special guarantee for Codava customary personal laws and heritage, on the lines of Mizos and Nagas. Also exemption to carry weapons (due to martial traditions similar to Sikhs and Nagas) should be guaranteed under the Constitution of India without any hindrance for ever. The Organisation's President is N. U. Nachappa Codava. Also universal recognition for Codava race and internal political self determination rights for Codavas.

The ancient Kodavas tilled their own lands and owned them in exchange for miliary service. A system of land tenure, known as Jamma, was formerly instituted in Kodagu from the time of the Rajas. Jamma agricultural lands (generally reserved for wet-rice cultivation) were held almost exclusively by Kodavas as a hereditary right, and were both indivisible and inalienable. Importantly, rights over the adjacent forests (bane) were also attached to Jamma tenure, such that relatively expansive agricultural-forestry estates across Kodagu. Importantly, rights over the adjacent forests (bane) were also attached to Jamma tenure, such that relatively expansive agricultural-forestry estates. A unique feature of Jamma tenure is that tree rights remained with the Rajas, and were subsequently transferred to the colonial and post-independence governments and remains an import determinant of land use practices in the district.^[1][2] However this has led to the exploitation of the forest and tree rights by corrupt government officials who disregard these resources.

Kodagu consisted of village habitations and forests. For centuries, the Kodavas have maintain sacred groves (Dev kad/Devara Kadu) in their villages. It was strictly prohibited to hunt or cut trees in these forests, even today traditional Kodavas follow this. However forests other than these Devkad were owned by the community as a whole and hunting game as well as gathering firewood was permitted in them. But with the advent of the British in the 1800s and later people into the region indiscriminate hunting and plantation creation led to the clearance of the sacred groves and community woods.^[3] (see main article Kodava) However even today Kodagu can still claim to have the largest density of sacred groves in all of India. Pathetic roads, severe power cuts, and unavailable drinking water have been very common laments. Despite these problems the people of Kodagu have managed to set up homestays to attract tourists. Whatever prosperity is there hence comes from the citizens and not from the government. However not all Kodavas are prosperous, only a few are in reality; most Kodavas hold very small farmlands and live in debts. Those who live in some parts of Kodagu like in Surlabi are very poor. Kodagu has been the least developed district of Karnataka in terms of Public works.

In 2011 the ministers of Karnataka wanted the UNESCO declared heritage status of 3 environmental western ghat hotspots in Kodagu (Brahmagiri, Talakaveri and Pushpagiri) removed. Power lines and hydro-electric projects planned by Karnataka and Kerala in Kodagu further exploit the resources of the region. These moves would enable the clearance of forests and agricultural lands for greedy, corrupt means. Kodagu being the catchment area of the river Kaveri, the river's water would also deplete due to such indiscriminate forest clearances.

Besides all these, the Kodavas are unheard of outside Karnataka. Originally all Kodavas are from Kodagu and their ancestors were the indigenous people of the land. They remained a separate province until 1956 when Mysore (now Karnataka) took it over under the State Reorganisation Act. Eversince Kannada has been able to influence Kodava completely. Kodava place names were changed into Kannada (like Dev kad which became Devara Kaadu, Peggala became Heggala, etc.) The Kodavas have a very distinct culture and language, despite this they are not recognised as an etno-linguistic minority.^[4] Even in terms of government resevration quotas they are neglected.

Districts of the proposed CLAR (Codava Land Autonomous Region;Codavasthan;Coorgland, a traditional geo political entity) along with the Okka (clans) native to those 45 nads (traditional administrative divisions):

Endangered as a culture and language and with the exploitation of the farms and forests of Kodagu, the indigenous Kodavas seek autonomy for Kodagu; to be governed by a hill council consisting of their own elders like those existent in Ladakh (Leh and Kargil), Darjeeling and the North-east (Bodoland, Karbi, Dima, Tripura, Meghalaya and Mizoram)

NAME OF NAD OKKA NAMES MEN WOMEN

1. SURALABBI NAD Napanda 210 260 (Somwarpet Taluk) Gowdanda 60 80 Muddanda 88 96 Imudiyanda 150 155 Thambukuttira 160 165 Appuda 71 74 Addanda 73 77 Odiganda 45 60 Medura 129 140 Chamera 101 112 Kocchera 112 106 Ajjamakkada 33 37 Sedumudira 44 52 Motanalira 67 65 Kannikanda 200 250 Pudiyathanda 60 75 Odiyanda 152 182 Minnanda 140 138 Sarkanda 30 39 Kakera 34 37 Cholachanda 47 53 Bedakanda 43 40 Hosoklura 40 42

2.MANIKERI Nad Nanneravanda 53 74 (Madikeri Taluk) Nandineravanda 212 240 Aiyanda 89 98 Chetranda 85 102 Ponnachettira 112 122

3.PALERI NAD Aiyakuttira 74 81 Somwarpet taluk Oddachettira 45 50 Ukkerianda 31 45 Bijjanda 65 60 Sabbuda 29 34 Padiyattira 48 53 Muddura 60 67 Moolemanera 25 29 Kotera 70 71

4.MUTHUNAD Chandira 65 69 Madikeri Taluk Karera 88 102 Kokkalera 109 113 Siddanda 65 67 Jaddamandanda 41 47 Appura 43 45 Tulunadanda 47 54 Chennapanda 113 118 Ailapanda 99 104 Nandalapanda 47 63

5.PORAMALE NAD Aiyaraniyanda 45 54 (Madikeri Taluk) Badalera 33 34 Pandira 60 64 Pillanda 30 39 Ammachimaniyanda 27 27 Ponnappanda 32 31 Nellapattira 43 46

6.BADIGERI NAD Nandira 66 71 Madikeri Taluk Shantheyanda 88 93 Kalachanda 114 101 Kalachettira 43 41 Pandikuthira 27 32 Madlanda 33 27

7.GADINAD Pasura 85 89 Somwarpet Taluk Uduvera 86 91 Bakthanda 33 30 Bachalira 27 29 Mandeyanda 41 43 Kibrera 37 39 Bachinadanda 56 66 Poreyanda 37 39 Maruvanda 34 36 Bairajanda 21 29 Naganda 47 53 Morkhanda 49 63 Aarudda 35 35 Cheekanda 41 47 Motanalira 60 62 Uddinadanda 30 31 Geejaganda 46 47 Kullodanda 19 23 JATTIRA 12 20

8.AMMANJUTHINAD Bommanda 60 61 Virajpet Taluk Kongera 24 27 Kechanda 30 38 Monnikanda 40 43 Kancherira 60 64

9.CHANGANAD Kadira 33 37 Somwarpet taluk` Ningerira 12 14 Moodanda 30 33 Bheemanda 31 31 Motanda 29 32 Pattimada 12 13 Chettolira 14 18

10. EDAVANAD Hanchettira 45 47 Somwarpet taluk Senera 12 12 Settira 18 21 Sadmaniyanda 17 16 Daddera 15 17 Mallajira 22 27

11.THAVUNAD Napulira 70 75 Madikeri taluk Paravanda 71 80 Dudranda 82 80 Koleyanda 65 67 Mapira 70 76 Baloda 40 42 Kottkathira 60 63 Allangada 35 37 Anjanda 24 27 Mangerira 17 22 Mudraniyanda 30 38

12.BENGNAD Kalmadanda 100 107 Madikeri taluk Ajjinanda 70 77 Pattamada 80 87 Cheeyabera 35 40 Kipaadanda 33 30 Bollarpanda 41 42 Kunchettira 45 53 Mepadanda 24 24 Indanda 26 29 Bacharaniyanda 120 136 Kimmudira 40 41 Bolandanda 63 63 Baddira 64 70 Apadanda 37 39 Koopadira 45 60 Palangetira 32 34 Thotathammanda 19 21 Byrettira 60 67 Kekada 40 40 Mandapanda 44 46 Podanolanda 47 48 Bodanda 31 29 Poovadera 27 26 Boppadthanda 31 32 Chadiyanda 27 26 Oddolera 35 36

13. KUYYANGERI NAD Kuttetira 73 71 Madikeri taluk Thelapanda 70 74 Chowrira 160 165 Vanchira 70 74 Neravanda 160 179 Ayyuda 24 26 Mukkatira 70 68 Acheda 30 32 Mundotira 41 40 Jabbanda 43 42 Munjandira 39 44 Mandaneravanda 55 57 Podavada 40 44 Paikera 41 43 Poopanda 40 46 Podeyanda 39 41 Chowndira 45 46 Chimmanda 39 45 Chelmanda 38 43 Mandherita 39 41

14.KANTHAMUNAD Keekanda 31 42 Madikeri taluk Olpuchira 33 36 Porikera 45 48 Kunjilanda 40 40 Baduvanda 80 83 Thirkacherira 30 31 Madeyanda 31 31 Ammatanda 101 99 Bachettira 70 73 Thirtera 37 38 Kotera 88 89 Almachanda 60 63 Avaremadanda 77 77 Kikkerianda 30 34 Pandanda 200 220 Devandira 40 49 Pudiokkada 60 68 Mukkatira 47 47 Pothera 28 38 Pothanda 30 31 Kembadathanda 43 43 Paleyanda 61 64 Bonira 18 21 Chindulira 17 23 Bariyanda 31 34

15.NELLIAPUDIKERI NAD Kukkera 75 80 Somwarpet taluk 50% Sadera 30 37 Madikeri taluk 50% Achakalera 20 26 Kadumanda 40 43 Nandetira 42 44 Thathapanda 21 25 Changadamakkada 20 23 Thondiyanda 37 48 Paccharanda 39 39

16. PORENAL NAD Kechetira 60 63 Madikeri taluk Lakkapanda 18 19 Madetira 30 31 Coravanda 43 41 Mukkatira 66 68 Ajjiranda 30 38 Changrandira 37 41

17.HOROOR MUDGERI NAD Pullera 41 51 Somwarpet taluk Jaggaranda 45 49 Kechira 30 32

18.ULUGULI MODGERI NAD Dasanda 45 47 Somwarpet taluk Chikkanda 30 38 Nagasettira 41 44 Mollera 130 132

19.KAGGODU NAD Bollianda 60 62 Madikeri taluk Manduda 30 31 Mandovanda 32 32 Kannachanda 27 29 Thennira 40 45 Manjira 27 37 Mukkatira 60 61 Kolumadanda 66 67 Kotera 44 47

20.NOORAKNAD Cholapanda 30 38 Somwarpet taluk Putterira 61 66 Kongetira 70 78 Ballaranda 40 41 Porimanda 30 39 Mullanda 33 37 Batra 27 26 Adikera 40 49 Boppattira 35 38

21.THALERI NAD Balyandamada 45 60 Virajpet taluk Kaibilira 70 78 Chimmanamada 73 77 Madira 60 67 Mukkatira 200 230 Chimmunira 70 76 Machamada 200 232 Jokamada 45 46 Thabbangada 43 48 Thabbalera 41 46 Thadiyangada 47 51 Theethira 200 250 Chindamada 38 41 Noorera 40 43 Poyilengada 32 37 Bachira 45 60 Bojjangada 60 62 Mannera 43 48 Mallamada 41 39 Maramada 50 52 Mayanamada 61 70 Changulangada 75 78 Mandamada 45 55 Mundumada 38 50 Andamada 40 38

22.ANJIGERI NAD Ajjikuttira 260 270 Virajpet taluk Chakkera 265 268 Mandangada 60 63 Kolera 245 240 Ittira 170 172 Kodaangada 40 45 Bayavanda 60 63 Pottengada 48 49 Hottengada 47 47 Banangada 40 52 Mallanda 50 51 Bananda 51 49 Byranda 38 37 Chodumada 60 69 Kirundanda 38 40 Kakamada 70 75 Ganangada 40 42 Gadanda 43 40 Chendimada 50 58 Mandachanda 38 39 Guddamada 36 40 Kallengada 41 53

23.MARENAD Arngipanera 40 43 Virajpet taluk Annira 50 59 Mallengada 70 100 Nellira 150 151 Balyameederira 78 76 Meederira 62 68 Kuppudira 78 79 Kayapanda 73 78 Uluvangada 50 57 Chonira 46 46

24.KURCHI THORENAD Ajjamada 200 199 Virajpet taluk Kaipalera 43 40 Chettangada 44 46 Chettanimada 39 39 Chotteyandamada 40 41 Kunhimada 39 41 Manira 41 45 Kattera 65 68 Ipumada 38 38

25. PATHKATNAD Machangada 90 100 Virajpet taluk Machimada 100 129 Puchimada 85 100 Kandera 70 76 Cheriyanda 41 43 Chottekmada 53 49 Kechamada 44 47 Kottengada 43 47 Kunhimada 40 39 Kottanda 45 48 Kechetira 38 45 Muddiada 60 65 Addengada 78 86 Adengada 100 120 Thirunellimada 40 52 Cheniyapanda 45 47

26. BOTTIATH NAD Nellamada 41 40 Virajpet taluk Puchanda 42 53 Kookanda 39 49 Atrangada 48 53 Kuttandira 34 46 Kadyamada 120 123 Chottekalapanda 31 48 Kokkanda 48 60 Koppira 65 64 Mukkatira 49 57 Maneyappanda 200 250 Kelapanda 78 87 Chendira 60 58 Chemmatira 41 55 Madrira 100 120 Jammada 200 220 Matharanda 81 82 Mookalera 37 46

27.KUTHNAD Immandira 60 68 Virajpet taluk Ammekanda 63 67 Mullengada 42 48 Mukalemada 34 36 Kademada 200 221 Kalengada 220 225 Karthura 35 38 Chandura 36 38 Ballanamada 49 63 Pandimada 40 66 Theethamada 43 74 Gummatira 70 71 Theethimada 71 73 Cheranda 119 126 Namera 60 67

28.AIVATH NAD Karthamada 250 260 Virajpet taluk Kalakanda 70 83 Chennira 38 51 Kallera 39 48 Bollera 100 107 Chottanda 47 65 Chottangada 80 85 Bottangada 250 260

29.THODANAD Pemmanamada 47 53 Virajpet taluk Mallangada 88 104 Kattengada 37 51 Allumada 38 39 Dekamada 31 43 Deyanda 33 41 Deyira 33 47 Gudiyangada 29 35 Chattamada 42 56 Kottangada 48 53 Mallapanera 36 36 Kachapanera 33 39 Kallangada 60 69 Kotraganda 63 65 Kotramada 67 67

30. BERALI NAD Mookachanda 46 46 Virajpet taluk Balladichanda 120 127 Appanderanda 80 88 Nambudumada 60 69 Konganda 170 182 Kanjithanda 180 187 Kuppanda 150 157 Kolathanda 70 72 Kenjangada 40 42 Mechanda 75 78 Chemira 60 62 Thathira 38 43 Mangera 36 53 Muruvanda 90 98 Malanda 70 75

31.PERAVANAD Nanamanda 36 43 Virajpet taluk Nayada 80 83 Mukkatira 70 76 Chonamada 28 43 Chendrimada 200 212 Guddanda 220 225 Puchimanda 60 61 Pudiyanda 37 38 Machettira 58 73 Kambiranda 200 218 Buttianda 207 214 Boppanda 86 89

32.POONAD Annalamada 75 78 Virajpet taluk Cheyanda 38 46 Keekanamada 70 79 Keekira 60 68 Kalimada 140 156

33.KANGALATH NAD Sannuvanda 100 106 Virajpet taluk Bolajira 38 46 Appattira 36 47 Kalapanda 70 78 Koniyanda 35 36 Benjanda 38 39 Chiriyapanda 100 107

34.ARKERI NAD Paruvangada 150 156 Virajpet taluk Kokkengada 140 150 Podamada 135 149 Derapanda 35 40 Devappanda 34 43 Kayamada 37 38 Thanachira 29 40 Maaneppanda 26 36

35.KIRUNAL NAD Pullangada 100 117 Virajpet taluk Kodengada 70 73 Alamengada 100 126 Aramanamada 120 129 Kopattira 31 32 Kollimada 80 85 Kokkalemada 70 76 Malachira 100 123 Cheppudira 220 221 Ballimada 57 59 Ponnimada 56 60 Theetharamada 61 68 Bachamada 80 85 Bachangada 37 38 Chettimada 40 39 Chullimada 39 43 Sullimada 46 46 Cheeranda 36 39 Chandangada 21 38 Kallichanda 150 57 Alemada 100 107 Kiriyamada 100 117 Macchiyanda 43 62

Mekathanda 55 57 36.EDENALNAD Mukkatira 121 127 Virajpet taluk Puggera 120 128 Chendanda 200 215 Ichanda 50 55 Ulliyada 70 75 Mandepanda 250 260 Coluvanda 150 159 Mundachalira 100 107 Mookonda 70 72 Allapanda 150 153 Chembanda 100 115 Ajjinikanda 200 205 Chomeyanda 96 97 Porkovanda 70 75 Balliamanda 40 47 Thathanda 50 57 Balekuttira 45 47 Bollachanda 70 74 Kundachira 75 77 Kundira 70 79 Kundranda 50 51 Machapanda 55 56 Chotteyanda 20 28 Balluda 15 20

37.UMMATH NAD Inanda 200 209 Virajpet taluk Madapanda 50 56 Kollira 70 78 Pandiyanda 70 76 Pudrimada 50 53 Mukkatira 100 111 Kavadichanda 60 61 Kunjanda 40 48 Mandeda 80 89 Chillavanda 50 59 Devanira 70 73 Baduvamanda 60 64 Nellachanda 50 51 Nellamakkada 100 121 Mookovanda 60 67 Kuttanda 200 212 Machimanda 101 121

38.BOTOLINAD Ammanakuttanda 70 73 Virajpet taluk Pattada 150 155 Vaterira 70 78 Puliyanda 200 207 Chokanda 55 58 Chovanda 50 53 Ammanichanda 75 78 Konerira 70 72 Achapanda 70 71 Bolliapanda 37 38 Poreyara 30 29 Karthachira 50 53 Karnanda 70 73 Kuppachira 65 67 Keethiyanda 150 161 Kottianda 40 47 Chandapanda 70 76 Battakalanda 60 61 Kanathanda 70 75 Kabbachira 80 81 Kaalamanda 66 64

39.BEPPUNAD Ammeyanda 60 67 Virajpet Taluk 50% Ammandira 50 59 Madikeri taluk 50% Mathanda 200 213 Kallira 70 75 Palanganda 200 207 Ichodiyanda 70 76 Berera 55 58 Kongiranda 50 53 Kangira 55 56 Ballatikalanda 100 112 Kodira 200 223 Palachanda 100 121 Cholanda 50 55 Allapira 50 55 Ballachanda 300 320 Mukkatira 500 499 Mandetira 150 165 Ichettira 200 221 Mevada 80 85 Mullera 56 58 Moolera 57 58 Poolanda 70 75 Kotera 66 69 Maddanda 60 55 Buduvanda 70 55 Ballianda 78 77 Changanda 67 69 Charmanda 39 45 Codanda 250 271 Chappanda 66 65 Kuimanda 69 71 Alamanda 100 111 Nayakanda 250 258 Kumbiyanda 60 68 Koothanda 200 221 Kullachanda 75 79 Chonanda 65 68 Ponjanda 100 105 Palecanda 200 243 Poyetira 60 65 Changulanda 150 155 Pemmanda 100 102 Maletira 250 260 Kuliayakanda 55 58 Annerkanda 75 78 Chathanda 50 55 Kethanda 65 64 Cheeyandira 60 62

40.BYRANAD Macharanda 150 155 Virajpet taluk Mukkatira 100 103 Kethira 55 57 Kethiyanda 67 66 Mekerira 67 69 Machetira 76 78 Uddapanda 66 68 Charimanda 75 78

41.KADIYATHNAD Karineravanda 120 125 Madikeri taluk Nambiyappanda 75 78 Chonchira 60 65 Palengada 70 75 Palera 60 65 Bepadiyanda 75 78 Ithichanda 100 101 Mukkatira 150 161 Kadira 55 58 Biddanda 300 340 Palandira 100 107 Balliatanda 75 79 Bellathanda 75 76 Cheriyatanda 50 60 Mundyolanda 100 121 Bolakaranda 120 127 Bovveriyanda 125 130 Vallanda 75 80 Pattacheravanda 150 155 Moodera 120 125 Kannanda 150 165 Thothiyanda 50 40 Chenanda 160 170 Meriyanda 130 135 Cheyyanda 60 65 Kolira 29 35 Cheruvalanda 80 90 Kummanda 75 78 Nadikerianda 150 168 Annadiyanda 70 75 Macchanda 75 72 Marichanda 60 50 Choyamadanda 55 58 Nidumanda 60 67 Patrapanda 100 105 Appaneravanda 150 155 Bolthanda 100 121 Elthanda 70 72 Bollanda 75 78 Bollachettira 100 115 Padeyanda 66 56 Naaliyanda 100 109 Vanjanda 66 65 Kaddaniyanda 50 51 Badumanda 150 155 Myndapanda 55 60 Nerpanda 55 56 Battiyanda 56 53 Chavanda 50 56 Mandathanda 60 65 Periyanda 75 73 Chottera 101 100 Kochamanda 65 64 Ponnachanda 60 65

42.PADINAD Battira 55 57 Madikeri taluk Ponnolthanda 150 165 Apparanda 270 280 Padiyanda 50 55 Allaranda 60 68 Kaliyanda 278 279 Kalyatanda 170 176 Bachamanda 80 83 Anjaparavanda 150 157 Nambadammanda 65 67 Udiyanda 120 125 Bidderianda 56 58 Apperiyanda 61 62 Boliyadira 70 77 Kodimaniyanda 175 180 Karthanda 61 63 Natolanda 100 105 Madanda 100 116 Aiyaneravanda 43 45 Mechiyanda 70 72 Karavattira 60 63 Badakada 60 65 Kambeyanda 75 78 Ketolira 100 106 Areyada 200 212

43.NELJI NAD Chettiyaranda 55 56 Madikeri taluk Mukkatira 75 78 Appumaniyanda 65 70 Mekmaniyanda 67 69 Baleyada 80 84 Bayada 55 60 Manavattira 300 350 Kotera 100 120 Badanjettira 56 57 Cheeyakapoovanda 150 155 Mundanda 200 220 Appachettolanda 120 125 Monnanda 110 108 Moovera 175 180 Maadeyanda 78 80 Mandira 100 111 Tholanda 100 108 Napaneravanda 76 77 Paleyada 68 66

44.BALLATH NAD Karavanda 60 66 Madikeri taluk Chirotira 55 59 Pebbattira 65 66 Machuda 50 56 Thekkabottolanda 75 80 Bottolanda 150 153 Appachira 75 77 Chengettira 55 56 Nuchimaniyanda 100 117 Thapanda 66 68 Pemmudianda 76 73

45.NOORAMBADA NAD Kulletira 170 173 Madikeri taluk Keletira 100 105 Chokira 70 76 Ajjetira 100 102 Kuttanjettira 80 89 Kanambira 65 68 Kundyolanda 100 109 Kandanda 101 108 Biddatanda 125 120 Thirodira 76 73 Kallengada 65 68 Chicholiyanda 55 58 Shivachaliyanda 76 78 Katumaniyanda 65 67 Ballanda 55 53 Kondira 70 69 Boppera 65 67 Bollepanda 78 80 Kanganda 85 88

59418 62984

Men: 59418 Women: 62984 Total: 1,22,402

map of Codagu

• Virajpet District
  • Virajpet taluk
  • Pollibetta taluk
  • Gonikoppal taluk
  • Ponnampet taluk
  • Srimangla taluk
• Madikeri District
  • Suntikoppa taluk
  • Madikeri taluk
  • Murnad taluk
  • Jodupala taluk
  • Napoklu taluk
  • Bhagamandala taluk
• Kushalnagar District
• Somwarpet District
  • Somwarpet taluk
  • Shanivarsanthe taluk

CNC has been demanding an Autonomous Hill Council on the lines of Ladakh and Darjeeling.^[5]

See also

• Autonomous regions of India
• Kodagu

References

1. ^ Kodavas (Coorgs), their customs and culture (B.D.Ganapathy)
2. ^ Gazetteer of Coorg (Rev.G.Richter,1870)
3. ^ Gazetteer of Coorg (Rev.G.Richter,1870)
4. ^ http://www.deccanherald.com/content/12657/tulu-kodava-vanishing-unesco.html
5. ^ [1]