Carmel Henry Carfora

Infobox_Person
name = Carmel Henry Carfora


image_size = 200px
caption = Archbishop Carmel Henry Carfora in cope and miter with crozier "(c. 1918)."
birth_date = birth date|1878|8|27|mf=y
birth_place = Naples, Italy
birth_name =
death_date = death date and age|1958|1|11|1878|8|27|mf=y
death_place = Chicago, Illinois, USA
known_for = Co-founder^{1, Archbishop and Primate of the North American Old Roman Catholic Church
occupation = Prelate
title = Archbishop and Primate
term = 1919-1958
predecessor = Rudolph de Landas Berghes et de Rache
successor = Disputed
religion = Old Catholic}

Carmel Henry Carfora (August 27, 1878-January 11, 1958), raised Roman Catholic in his native Naples, Italy, was a co-founder and leader of the North American Old Roman Catholic Church (NAORCC). Before leaving Roman Catholicism in favor of the Old Catholics in 1908 over a dispute with his ecclesiastical superiors, he had been ministering to Italian American immigrants, first in New York City, then in West Virginia, as a Capuchin Franciscan priest, having entered the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin in 1895.

He formed mission congregations, ministering to various ethnic immigrant groups whom he perceived as unable to gain adequate pastoral support from the Roman Catholic authorities, and in June of 1912 he incorporated his work as the National Catholic Diocese in North America, for a time under the episcopal oversight of Bishop Paolo Miraglia-Gulotti, leader of the Italian National Episcopal Church. In 1916 Carfora was consecrated a bishop by Prince Rudolph Francis Edward de Landas Berghes, a bishop of Arnold Harris Mathew's Old Roman Catholic Church. In 1917 de Landas Berghes and Carfora united their jurisdictions, adopted the name "North American Old Roman Catholic Diocese," and established its headquarters in Chicago. When de Landas Berghes reconciled with the Roman Catholic Church in 1919, Carfora assumed the leadership of the group, which he renamed the "North American Old Roman Catholic Church."

He taught a creed based on strict interpretation pre-Vatican I Roman Catholic theology and practice, with the exception of permitting a married priesthood, though he never married himself.

The Church grew over several decades under Archbishop Carfora's leadership, ultimately reaching a peak membership reported as high as 50,000, comprised largely of ethnic parishes, each serving primarily first generation immigrants of a particular national origin. During his primacy, he consecrated at least thirty bishops to serve Polish, Lithuanian, Portuguese, Ukrainian, Mexican, and most successfully, West Indian populations in various parts of the United States where they were be to found in particular concentrations.

By the 1950s, several factors combined to threaten the continued viability of the Church, including the assimilation of ethnic groups served by the Church into the mainstream culture, a reduced interest among Americans in religion in general, and internal rivalries. For a time, plans were explored to merge with the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, but Carfora ultimately abandoned the idea. In 1952, thirty parishes defied his decision and became Ukrainian Orthodox.

In 1953, Carfora entered a Roman Catholic hospital in, Galveston, Texas, where he was pressured by Roman Catholic authorities to renounce his work. His episcopal ring was stolen, and suffering from heart disease and asthma, he went into a seclusion that amounted to retirement, retaining leadership of the Church in title only. Several of his bishops took this opportunity to establish their own Churches, often taking congregations with them. Others simply ceased to thrive. When he died on January 11, 1958, in Chicago, without a clear successor nor a process to authoritatively select one, only a vestige of the Church he built remained. The Old Roman Catholic Church in North America is one of several ecclesiastical bodies considering itself to be among the modern day successors to Carfora's establishment.

Archbishop Carfora was buried (according to the death certificate) in the Irving Park Cemetery, Jan. 21st, 1952, location: Chicago. Date of death, Jan 18th, 1958. He was buried from: The Korczakowski Funeral Home, which at that time was located at: 1341 N. Western Avenue, in Chicago. The grave stone was defaced many times. How sad that so much hatred had to surround him even in death. Cause of death was: Cancer of the Pancreas. He had a stroke which left him unable to perform any of the Sacraments. Many claim (fraudantly in many cases) to have been ordained and consecrated by Carfora after the date he had his stroke. He fell prey to a stroke in Galveston, Texas, where he had gone for a large Confirmation Class.

See also

*Anson, Peter. "Bishops at Large." London: Faber and Faber, 1964. 593 pp.
*Carfora, Carmel Henry. "Historical and Doctrinal Sketch of the Old Roman Catholic Church." Chicago, IL: North American Old Roman Catholic Church, 1950. 23 pp.
*Melton, J. Gordon. Biographical Dictionary of American Cult and Sect Leaders. Garland Reference Library of Social Science, vol. 212. New York: Garland Publishing, 1986.
*Pruter, Karl, and J. Gordon Melton. The Old Catholic Sourcebook. New York: Garland Publishing Company, 1983.
*Trela, Jonathan. A History of the North American Old Roman Church. Scranton, PA: The Author, 1979. 124 pp.

References

*"Carmel Henry Carfora." Religious Leaders of America, 2nd ed. Gale Group, 1999. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale. 2006. [http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/BioRC]

External links

* [http://www.oldcatholic.org Old Catholic Church of America official website]
* [http://www.naorc.org/ North American Old Catholic Church (Ultrajectine Succession) official website]
* [http://www.orccna.org/index.htm Old Roman Catholic Church of North America official website]

Episcopal_Succession
date of consecration=October 4, 1916
consecrated by=Rudolph de Landas Berghes
bishopconsecrated1 = bishopconsecrated1
bishop 1=Francis Xavier Resch
consecration date 1=December 8, 1940
bishopconsecrated2 = bishopconsecrated2
bishop 2= Richard Arthur Marchenna
consecration date 2= April 16, 1941
bishopconsecrated3 = bishopconsecrated3
bishop 3= Hubert A. Rogers
consecration date 3= July, 1942
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