- Spinocerebellar ataxia type-13
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 13 (SCA13) is a rare
autosomal dominant disorder, which, like other types of SCA, is characterized bydysarthria ,nystagmus , andataxia of gait, stance and the limbs due to cerebellar dysfunction. Patients with SCA13 also tend to present withepilepsy , an inability to run, and increased reflexes. This cerebellar dysfunction is permanent and progressive. SCA13 is cased by mutations inKCNC3 , a gene encoding avoltage-gated potassium channel KV3.3. There are two known mutations in this gene causative for SCA13. Unlike many other types of SCA, these are not polyglutamine expansions but, rather, point mutations resulting in channels with no current or altered kinetics.Infobox_Disease
Name = PAGENAME
Caption =
DiseasesDB = 12339
ICD10 = ICD10|G|11|2|g|10
ICD9 = ICD9|334.9
ICDO =
OMIM = 605259
MedlinePlus =
eMedicineSubj = neuro
eMedicineTopic = 556igns and symptoms
SCA13 is typified by early onset, mildly progressive cerebellar ataxia with accompanying dysarthria, mental retardation, and
nystagmus . Symptoms and age of onset can vary slightly according to the causative mutation.cite journal | author = Herman-Bert A, Stevanin G, Netter J, Rascol O, Brassat D, Calvas P, Camuzat A, Yuan Q, Schalling M, Dürr A, Brice A | title = Mapping of spinocerebellar ataxia 13 to chromosome 19q13.3-q13.4 in a family with autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia and mental retardation. | journal = Am J Hum Genet | volume = 67 | issue = 1 | pages = 229–35 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10820125 | doi = 10.1086/302958] cite journal | author = Waters M, Fee D, Figueroa K, Nolte D, Müller U, Advincula J, Coon H, Evidente V, Pulst S | title = An autosomal dominant ataxia maps to 19q13: Allelic heterogeneity of SCA13 or novel locus? | journal = Neurology | volume = 65 | issue = 7 | pages = 1111–3 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16135769 | doi = 10.1212/01.wnl.0000177490.05162.41]Pathophysiology
Mutations in KCNC3 are responsible for SCA13. This gene is expressed heavily in
Purkinje cell s, as is the case for some other SCA subtypes, where it is believed to play an important role in facilitating high-frequencyaction potential firing. There are two known mutations in this gene associated with SCA13. The first mutation, R420H, is located in the voltage-sensing S4 segment of the channel. As this mutation neutralizes a site important for voltage sensing, it is not surprising that it results in non-conducting channels.Neuron s expressing such channels are unable to follow high-frequency input with adequate fidelity.The second SCA13 associated mutation, F448L, results in functional channels that have altered kinetics. The voltage for half activation of these channels (V½) is shifted 13mV hyperpolarized compared to wild-type. Deactivation of these channels is also slowed drastically compared to wild-type. This results in neurons with longer after-hyperpolarizations and thus, a decreased maximal firing rate.cite journal | author = Waters M, Minassian N, Stevanin G, Figueroa K, Bannister J, Nolte D, Mock A, Evidente V, Fee D, Müller U, Dürr A, Brice A, Papazian D, Pulst S | title = Mutations in voltage-gated potassium channel KCNC3 cause degenerative and developmental central nervous system phenotypes. | journal = Nat Genet | volume = 38 | issue = 4 | pages = 447–51 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16501573 | doi = 10.1038/ng1758]
Prognosis
There is no known prevention of spinocerebellar ataxia. Those who are believed to be at risk can have genetic sequencing of known SCA loci performed to confirm inheritance of the disorder.
Footnotes
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