Russell Senate Office Building

The Russell Senate Office Building is the oldest of the United States Senate office buildings. Designed in the Beaux-Arts architectural style, it was built from 1903 to 1908 and named for former Senator Richard Brevard Russell, Jr. of Georgia in 1972. It occupies a site north of the Capitol bounded by Constitution Avenue, First Street, Delaware Avenue, and C Street N.E.

History

The first congressional office buildings were constructed immediately after the turn of the 20th century to relieve overcrowding in the United States Capitol. Previously, members who wanted office space had to rent quarters or borrow space in committee rooms. In March 1901 Congress authorized Architect of the Capitol Edward Clark to draw plans for fireproof office buildings adjacent to the Capitol grounds. In March 1903 the acquisition of sites and construction of the buildings were authorized, and the Senate Office Building Commission selected a site.

In April 1904, the prominent New York City architectural firm of Carrère and Hastings was retained. John Carrère took charge of the Senate Office Building project, while Thomas Hastings oversaw the construction of an almost identical office building (now named the Cannon House Office Building) for the United States House of Representatives. Their Beaux Arts designs were restrained complements to the Capitol. Architecturally, their elevations are divided into a rusticated base and a colonnade with an entablature and balustrade. The colonnades, with 34 Doric columns that face the Capitol, are echoed by pilasters on the sides of the buildings. Both buildings are faced with marble and limestone; the Russell Building's base and terrace are gray granite. Modern for their time, they included such facilities as forced-air ventilation systems, steam heat, individual lavatories with hot and cold running water and ice water, telephones, and electricity. Both are connected to the Capitol by underground passages. Originally there were 98 suites and eight committee rooms in the Russell Building; the First Street Wing, completed in 1933, added two committee rooms and 28 suites.

Of special architectural interest is the rotunda. Eighteen Corinthian columns support an entablature and a coffered dome, whose glazed oculus floods the rotunda with natural light. Twin marble staircases lead from the rotunda to an imposing Caucus Room, which features Corinthian pilasters, a full entablature, and a richly detailed ceiling; the Russell Caucus Room retains its original 1910 benches and settles with carved eagles. This space has been used for many hearings on subjects of national significance, from the sinking of the RMS "Titanic" in 1912 to the United States Senate Watergate Committee hearings in 1974, hearings on the Iran-Contra affair in 1987, and confirmation hearings of Clarence Thomas for Supreme Court Associate Justice in 1991.

The Russell Building was occupied in 1909 by the Senate of the 61st Congress. The growth of staff and committees in the twenty years following its completion resulted in the addition of a fourth side, the First Street Wing, to the originally U-shaped building. Nathan Wyeth and Francis P. Sullivan were the consulting architects for the new wing, which was completed in 1933.

List of Senators with office building at Russell

*Evan Bayh (D-Indiana) Room 131
*Joe Biden (D-Delaware) Room 201
*Kit Bond (R-Missouri) Room 274
*Sherrod Brown (D-Ohio) Room 455
*Richard Burr (R-North Carolina) Room 217
*Bob Casey, Jr. (D-Pennsylvania) Room 383
*Saxby Chambliss (R-Georgia) Room 416
*Hillary Clinton (D-New York) Room 476
*Tom Coburn (R-Oklahoma) Room 172
*Jim DeMint (R-South Carolina) Room 340
*Chris Dodd (D-Connecticut) Room 448
*John Ensign (R-Nevada) Room 119
*Michael Enzi (R-Wyoming) Room 379A
*Lindsey Graham (R-South Carolina) Room 290
*Judd Gregg (R-New Hampshire) Room 393
*Chuck Hagel (R-Nebraska) Room 248
*Kay Bailey Hutchinson (R-Texas) Room 284
*James Inhofe (R-Oklahoma) Room 453
*Johnny Isakson (R-Georgia) Room 120
*Edward Kennedy (D-Massachusetts) Room 317
*John Kerry (D-Massachusetts) Room 304
*Patrick Leahy (D-Vermont) Room 433
*Carl Levin (D-Michigan) Room 269
*Roger Wicker (R-Mississippi) Room 487
*Mel Martinez (R-Florida) Room 356
*John McCain (R-Arizona) Room 241
*Mitch McConnell (R-Kentucky) Room 361A
*Patty Murray (D-Washington) Room 173
*Jeff Sessions (R-Alabama) Room 335
*Gordon Smith (R-Oregon) Room 404
*Olympia Snowe (R-Maine) Room 154
*John E. Sununu (R-New Hampshire) Room 111
*Jon Tester (D-Montana Room 204
*John Thune (R-South Dakota) Room 493
*Jim Webb (D-Virginia) Room 144
*John Warner (R-Virginia) Room 225

Source: [http://www.senate.gov/general/resources/pdf/senators_phone_list.pdf]

References

http://www.aoc.gov/cc/cobs/rsob.htm, a public-domain publication of the Architect of the Capitol