List of rulers of Austria

See also: List of Austrian consorts

This is a list of margraves, dukes, archdukes, and emperors of Austria. The territory was ruled by the Babenberg family until 1246 and by the Habsburg family from 1282 to 1918.

Note that names are spelled different from their original, mostly German, spellings: Henry (Heinrich), Adalbert (Albert or Albrecht), Ernest (Ernst), Frederick (Friedrich), Herman (Hermann), Ottokar (spelled in Czech Otakar), Wenceslas (Wenzeslaus, Václav or Wenzel), Rudolph (Rudolf), William (Wilhelm), Charles (German Karl, Hungarian: Károly or Czech: Karel).

These are articles of the List of Austrians series

Artists and architects

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Writers

Margraves of Austria

Main article: Margrave

The March of Austria, also known as Marcha Orientalis, was first formed in 976 out of the lands that had once been the March of Pannonia in Carolingian times. The oldest attestation dates back to 996, where the written name "ostarrichi" occurs in a document transferring land in present-day Austria to a Bavarian monastery.

Babenberg Dynasty

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Leopold I (Luitpold I., der Erlauchte) 976–994		c. 940	Richardis of Sualafeldgau nine children	10 July 994 Würzburg aged about 54
Henry I the Strong (Heinrich I., der Starke) 994–1018		late 10th century son of Leopold I and Richardis of Sualafeldgau	never married	23 June 1018
Adalbert the Victorious (Adalbert I der Siegreiche) 1018–1055		c.985 son of Leopold I and Richardis of Sualafeldgau	(1) Glismod of West-Saxony two children (2) Frozza Orseolo no issue	26 May 1055 Melk aged about 70
Ernest the Brave (Ernst, der Tapfere) 1055–1075		c.1027 son of Adalbert and Glismod of West-Saxony	(1) Adelaide von Eilenburg 1060 three children (2) Swanhilde von der Ungarnmark 1072 no issue	10 June 1075 aged about 48
Leopold II the Fair (Luitpold II., der Schöne) 1075-1095		c.1050 son of Ernest and Adelaide von Eilenburg	Ida of Cham 1065 eight children	12 October 1095 aged about 45
Leopold III the Good (Luitpold III., der Heilige) 1095–1136		c.1073 Melk son of Leopold II and Ida of Cham	(1) Maria of Perg one son (2) Agnes of Germany 1106 eighteen children	15 November 1136 Vienna aged about 63
Leopold IV the Generous (Luitpold IV., der Freigiebige) 1137–1141		c.1108 son of Leopold III and Agnes of Germany	Maria of Bohemia 28 September 1138 no issue	18 October 1141 Niederalteich aged about 33
Henry II Jasomirgott (Heinrich II., Jasomirgott) 1141–1156		c.1107 son of Leopold III and Agnes of Germany	(1) Gertrude of Süpplingenburg 1 May 1142 one daughter (2) Theodora Komnene 1148 three children	13 January 1177 aged about 70

Dukes of Austria

In 1156, the Privilegium Minus elevated the march to a Duchy, independent of the Duchy of Bavaria.

Babenberg Dynasty

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Henry II Jasomirgott (Heinrich II., Jasomirgott) 1156-1177		c.1107 son of Leopold III and Agnes of Germany	(1) Gertrude of Süpplingenburg 1 May 1142 one daughter (2) Theodora Komnene 1148 three children	13 January 1177 aged about 70
Leopold V the Virtuous (Luitpold V., der Tugendhafte) 1177-1194		c.1157 son of Henry II and Theodora Komnene	Helena of Hungary 1174 four children	31 December 1194 Graz aged about 37
Frederick I the Catholic (Friedrich I., der Katholische) 1195-1198		c.1175 son of Leopold V and Helena of Hungary	never married	16 April 1198 The Holy Land aged about 23
Leopold VI the Glorious (Luitpold VI., der Glorreiche) 1198-1230		c.1176 son of Leopold V and Helena of Hungary	Theodora Angelina 1203 seven children	28 July 1230 San Germano aged about 54
Frederick II the Quarrelsome (Friedrich II., der Streitbare) 1230-1246		25 April 1211 Wiener Neustadt son of Leopold VI and Theodora Angelina	(1) Sophia Laskarina no issue (2) Agnes of Merania 1229 no issue	15 June 1246 Leitha aged 35

Interregnum

After Frederick's death, the succession of the Duchy was disputed between various claimants:

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Vladislaus I of Moravia claimant 1246-1247		1227 son of Wenceslaus I of Bohemia and Kunigunda of Hohenstaufen	Gertrude of Babenberg June 1245 no issue	3 January 1247 aged 20
Herman I of Baden claimant 1248-1250		1226 Baden son of Herman V of Baden and Irmengard of the Palatinate	Gertrude of Babenberg 1248 two children	4 October 1250 aged 24
Frederick III of Baden claimant 1250-1268		1249 Alland son of Herman I of Baden and Gertrude of Babenberg	never married	29 October 1268 Naples aged 19
Ottokar I of Bohemia claimant 1251-1278		c. 1223 Bohemia second son of Wenceslaus I of Bohemia and Kunigunde of Hohenstaufen	(1) Margaret of Austria Hainburg an der Donau 11 February 1252 three children (2) Kunigunda of Slavonia Bratislava 25 October 1261 four children	26 August 1278 Dürnkrut aged 45

Habsburg Dynasty

Main article: House of Habsburg

In 1278, Rudolf I, King of Germany, defeated Ottokar and took control of Austria. In 1282 he invested his sons with the Duchies of Austria and Styria, thereby securing it for the Habsburg dynasty.

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Rudolf I 1278-1282		1 May 1218 Breisgau son of Albert IV, Count of Habsburg and Hedwige von Kyburg	(1) Gertrude of Hohenberg 1245 9 children (2) Isabelle of Burgundy 5 February 1284 no issue	15 Juy 1291 Speyer aged 73
Albert I 1282-1308		July 1255 Vienna third son of Rudolf I and Gertrude of Hohenburg	Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol Vienna 20 December 1274 12 children	1 May 1308 Windisch aged 52
Rudolf II the Debonair 1282-1283		July 1270 Rheinfelden third son of Rudolph I and Gertrude of Hohenburg	Agnes of Bohemia Prague March 1289 one son	10 May 1290 Prague aged 20
Rudolf III the Good 1298-1307		c. 1281 Vienna eldest son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol	(1) Blanche of France 25 May 1300 one daughter (2) Elisabeth Richeza of Poland 16 October 1306 no issue	3/4 July 1307 Horažďovice aged 26
Frederick III the Fair 1308-1330		c. 1289 Vienna second son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol	Isabella of Aragon Ravensburg 11 May 1315 three children	13 January 1330 Gutenstein aged 41
Leopold VII the Glorious 1308-1326		4 August 1290 Vienna third son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol	Catherine of Savoy Basel 26 May 1315 two daughters	28 February 1326 Strassburg aged 35
Albert II the Wise 1330-1358		12 December 1298 Habsburg fourth son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol	Johanna of Pfirt Vienna 15 February 1324 six children	16 August 1358 Vienna aged 59
Otto I the Merry 1330-1339		23 July 1301 Vienna seventh son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol	(1) Elisabeth of Bavaria Straubing 15 May 1325 two sons (2) Anne of Bohemia Znaim 16 February 1335 no issue	17 February 1339 Neuberg an der Mürz aged 37
Frederick IV 1339-1344		10 February 1327 Austria eldest son of Otto I and Elisabeth of Bavaria	never married	11 December 1344 Austria aged 17
Leopold VIII 1339-1344		c. 1328 Austria second son of Otto I and Elisabeth of Bavaria	never married	10 August 1344 Austria aged 16
Rudolf IV the Founder 1358-1365		1 November 1339 Vienna eldest son of Albert II and Johanna of Pfirt	Catherine of Bohemia Vienna 13 July 1356 no issue	27 July 1365 Milan aged 25

Archdukes of Austria

House of Habsburg

The Privilegium Maius, fabricated by Rudolf in 1359, attempted to invest the Dukes of Austria with the special position of an Archduke. This title was frequently used by Ernest the Iron and other Dukes but not recognized by other princes of the Holy Roman Empire until Frederick V became Emperor and confirmed the Privilegium in 1453.

Rudolf was succeeded by his brothers that at first ruled jointly:

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Albert III the Pigtail 1365-1379		9 September 1349 Vienna third son of Albert II and Joanna of Pfirt	(1) Elisabeth of Bohemia Vienna after 19 March 1366 no issue (2) Beatrix of Nuremberg Vienna 4 March 1375 one son	29 August 1395 Laxenburg aged 45
Leopold IX 1365-1379		1 November 1351 Vienna fourth son of Albert II and Joanna of Pfirt	Viridis Visconti Vienna 23 February 1365 six children	9 July 1386 Sempach aged 34

Divided Rule

The territories were divided between the brothers and their descendants in the Treaty of Neuberg in 1379:

The Albertinian Line received the Archduchy of Austria, later called Lower Austria (not to be confused with the namesake modern state):

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Albert III the Pigtail 1379-1395		9 September 1349 Vienna third son of Albert II and Joanna of Pfirt	(1) Elisabeth of Bohemia Vienna after 19 March 1366 no issue (2) Beatrix of Nuremberg Vienna 4 March 1375 one son	29 August 1395 Laxenburg aged 45
Albert IV 1395-1404		19 September 1377 Vienna only son of Albert III and Beatrix of Nuremberg	Joanna Sophia of Bavaria Vienna 24 April 1390 two children	14 September 1404 Klosterneuburg aged 26
Albert V 1404-1439 under joint guardianship of Leopold X and Ernest (1404–1411)		16 August 1397 Vienna only son of Albert IV and Joanna Sophia of Bavaria	Elisabeth of Bohemia Vienna 26 April 1422 three children	27 October 1439 Neszmély aged 42
Vacant 1439-1440
Ladislaus I the Posthumous 1440-1457 under guardianship of Frederick VI (1440–1452)		22 February 1440 Komarom only son of Albert V and Elisabeth of Bohemia	never married	23 November 1457 Prague aged 17

After Ladislaus' death his territories passed to the Leopoldinian Line:

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Frederick VI 1457-1493		21 September 1415 Innsbruck first son of Ernest and Cymburgis of Masovia	Eleanor of Portugal Rome 16 March 1452 five children	19 August 1493 Linz aged 77
Albert VI the Prodigal 1457-1463		12 September 1418 Vienna third son of Ernest and Cymburgis of Masovia	Mathilde of the Palatinate Vienna 1452 no issue	2 December 1463 Vienna aged 45

The Leopoldinian Line received the Duchies of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, the County of Tyrol and Further Austria:

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Leopold IX 1379-1386		1 November 1351 Vienna fourth son of Albert II and Joanna of Pfirt	Viridis Visconti Vienna 23 February 1365 six children	9 July 1386 Sempach aged 34
William I the Ambitious 1386-1406		c. 1370 Vienna eldest son of Leopold IX and Viridis Visconti	Joan II of Naples Vienna 13 November 1401 no issue	15 July 1406 Vienna aged 36
Leopold X 1386-1411		c. 1371 Vienna second son of Leopold IX and Viridis Visconti	Catherine of Burgundy Vienna 15 August 1393 no issue	3 June 1411 Vienna aged 40
Ernest I the Iron 1402-1406		c. 1377 Bruck an der Mur third son of Leopold IX and Viridis Visconti	(1) Margaret of Pomerania Bruck an der Mur 14 January 1392 no issue (2) Cymburgis of Masovia Kraków 25 January 1412 nine children	10 June 1424 Bruck an der Mur aged 47
Frederick V 1402-1406		c. 1382 ? fourth son of Leopold IX and Viridis Visconti	(1) Elisabeth of the Palatinate Innsbruck 24 December 1407 one daughter (2) Anna of Brunswick Innsbruck 11 June 1411 four children	24 June 1439 Innsbruck aged 57

In 1406, the Leopoldinian lines split their territories:

The Ernestine line received the Duchies of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, also called Inner Austria:

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Ernest I the Iron 1402-1424		c. 1377 Bruck an der Mur third son of Leopold IX and Viridis Visconti	(1) Margaret of Pomerania Bruck an der Mur 14 January 1392 no issue (2) Cymburgis of Masovia Kraków 25 January 1412 nine children	10 June 1424 Bruck an der Mur aged 47
Frederick VI 1457-1493		21 September 1415 Innsbruck first son of Ernest and Cymburgis of Masovia	Eleanor of Portugal Rome 16 March 1452 five children	19 August 1493 Linz aged 77
Albert VI the Prodigal 1457-1463		12 September 1418 Vienna third son of Ernest and Cymburgis of Masovia	Mathilde of the Palatinate Vienna 1452 no issue	2 December 1463 Vienna aged 45

Both under the guardianship of

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Frederick V 1406-1435		c. 1382 ? fourth son of Leopold IX and Viridis Visconti	(1) Elisabeth of the Palatinate Innsbruck 24 December 1407 one daughter (2) Anna of Brunswick Innsbruck 11 June 1411 four children	24 June 1439 Innsbruck aged 57

The Elder Tyrolean Line received Tyrol and soon also Further Austria. These territories were also called Upper Austria (not to be confused with the namesake modern state):

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Frederick V 1406-1439		c. 1382 ? fourth son of Leopold IX and Viridis Visconti	(1) Elisabeth of the Palatinate Innsbruck 24 December 1407 one daughter (2) Anna of Brunswick Innsbruck 11 June 1411 four children	24 June 1439 Innsbruck aged 57
Sigismund I 1439-1490 under guardianship of Frederick V (1439–1446)		26 October 1427 Innsbruck second son of Frederick V and Anna of Brunswick	(1) Eleanor of Scotland Innsbruck 12 February 1449 one son (2) Katharina of Saxony Innsbruck 24 February 1484 no issue	4 March 1496 Innsbruck aged 68

In 1490 these territories were handed over to

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Maximilian I 1490-1493		22 March 1459 Wiener Neustadt second son of Frederick VI and Eleanor of Portugal	(1) Mary of Burgundy Ghent 18 August 1477 three children (2) Anne of Brittany Rennes 18 December 1490 no issue (3) Bianca Maria Sforza Hall in Tirol 16 March 1494 no issue	12 January 1519 Wels aged 59

• Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, claimed the Austrian territories and occupied Austria proper and Styria. Claiming the title "Duke of Austria", he resided in Vienna from 1485 to his death in 1490.

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Matthias Corvinus 1485-1490 Claimant Duke		23 February 1443 Kolozsvár second son of John Hunyadi and Elizabeth Szilágyi	(1) Elizabeth of Celje ? no issue (2) Catherine of Poděbrady Matthias Church, Budapest 1 May 1461 no issue (2) Beatrice of Naples Vienna 15 December 1476 no issue	6 April 1490 Vienna aged 47

Reunited Rule

The Austrian territories were again reunited in 1493.

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Maximilian I 1493-1519		22 March 1459 Wiener Neustadt second son of Frederick VI and Eleanor of Portugal	(1) Mary of Burgundy Ghent 18 August 1477 three children (2) Anne of Brittany Rennes 18 December 1490 no issue (3) Bianca Maria Sforza Hall in Tirol 16 March 1494 no issue	12 January 1519 Wels aged 59
Charles I 1519-1521		24 February 1500 Ghent eldest son of Philip I of Castile and Joanna of Castile	Isabella of Portugal Seville 10 March 1526 seven children	21 September 1558 Yuste aged 58
Ferdinand I 1521-1564		10 March 1503 Alcalá de Henares second son of Philip I of Castile and Joanna of Castile	Anna of Bohemia and Hungary Linz 25 May 1521 fifteen children	25 July 1564 Vienna aged 61

Divided Again

In 1564 the Austrian territories were again divided among Emperor Ferdinand's sons:

Lower and Upper Austria (Austria proper) passed to Ferdinand's 1st son Maximilian:

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Maximilian II 1564-1576		31 July 1527 Vienna eldest son of Ferdinand I and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary	Maria of Spain Valladolid 13 September 1548 sixteen children	12 October 1576 Regensburg aged 49
Rudolf V 1576-1608		18 July 1552 Vienna second son of Maximilian II and Maria of Spain	never married	20 January 1612 Prague aged 59
Matthias 1608-1619		24 February 1557 Vienna fourth son of Maximilian II and Maria of Spain	Anna of Tyrol Vienna 4 December 1611 no issue	20 March 1619 Vienna aged 62
Albert VII 1619		13 November 1559 Wiener Neustadt fifth son of Maximilian II and Maria of Spain	Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain Valencia 18 April 1599 no issue	13 July 1621 Brussels aged 61

Rudolf, Matthias and Albert had no issue. The territories therefore passed to the descendants of Emperor Ferdinand's 3rd son Charles after Albert's abdication on 9 October 1619.

Tyrol and Further Austria passed to Emperor Ferdinand's 2nd son Ferdinand:

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Ferdinand II 1564-1595		14 June 1529 Linz second son of Ferdinand I and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary	(1) Philippine Welser ca. 1576 four children (2) Anne Juliana Gonzaga Innsbruck 14 May 1582 three daughter	24 January 1595 Innsbruck aged 65

Ferdinand died without an agnatic heir and his territories passed to the descendants of his brother Maximilian:

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Matthias 1595-1619 under regency of Maximilian III (1612–1618)		24 February 1557 Vienna fourth son of Maximilian II and Maria of Spain	Anna of Tyrol Vienna 4 December 1611 no issue	20 March 1619 Vienna aged 62
Maximilian III 1612-1618 as Governor-Archduke		12 October 1558 Vienna sixth son of Maximilian II and Maria of Spain	never married	2 November 1618 Vienna aged 60

Matthias died without issue and the territories passed to the descendants of Emperor Ferdinand's 3rd son Charles.

Inner Austria ("Inner-Österreich")(Styria, Carinthia and Carniola) passed to Emperor Ferdinand's 3rd son Charles:

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Charles II 1564-1590		3 June 1540 Vienna fourth son of Ferdinand I and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary	Maria Anna of Bavaria Vienna 26 August 1571 fifteen children	10 July 1590 Graz aged 50
Ferdinand III 1590/1619-1637 under regency of Maximilian III (1593–1595)		9 July 1578 Graz second son of Charles II and Maria Anna of Bavaria	(1) Maria Anna of Bavaria Graz 23 April 1600 seven children (2) Eleonor Gonzaga Innsbruck 2 February 1622 no issue	15 February 1637 Vienna aged 58

In German Articles and Books these Archdukes' names and titles are normally completed with the territorial nmes of ther Duchy as: "Charles II of Inner Austria" = "Karl der II. von Inner Österreich"

Reunited and redivided, again

The Austrian territories were reunited again by inheritance in 1620 under Ferdinand III, Archduke of Inner Austria (see Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor), but in 1623 five years into the Thirty Years' War he had so much to do with, Ferdinand divided them yet again, when he made his younger brother Leopold, who had been governor over Upper Austria, Archduke of those territories.

Lower Austria and Inner Austria remained with the elder line (Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor):

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Ferdinand III 1590/1619-1637		9 July 1578 Graz second son of Charles II and Maria Anna of Bavaria	(1) Maria Anna of Bavaria Graz 23 April 1600 seven children (2) Eleonor Gonzaga Innsbruck 2 February 1622 no issue	15 February 1637 Vienna aged 58
Ferdinand IV 1637-1657		13 July 1608 Graz third son of Ferdinand III and Maria Anna of Bavaria	(1) Maria Anna of Spain Vienna 20 February 1631 six children (2) Maria Leopoldine of Austria Linz 2 July 1648 one son (3) Eleanor Gonzaga Wiener Neustadt 30 April 1651 four children	2 April 1657 Vienna aged 48

Upper Austria passed to the Younger Tyrolean Line:

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Leopold XI 1623-1632		9 October 1586 Graz fifth son of Charles II and Maria Anna of Bavaria	Claudia de' Medici Innsbruck 19 April 1626 five children	13 September 1632 Schwaz aged 45
Ferdinand Charles 1632-1662		17 May 1628 Innsbruck eldest son of Leopold XI and Claudia de' Medici	Anna de' Medici Innsbruck 10 June 1646 two daughter	30 December 1662 Kaltern aged 34
Sigismund Francis 1662-1665		27 November 1630 Innsbruck second son of Leopold XI and Claudia de' Medici	Hedwig Augusta of the Palatinate-Sulzbach Sulzbach 3 June 1665 no issue	25 June 1665 Innsbruck aged 34

After Sigismund Francis died without issue and his territories reverted to the elder line.

The Austrian territories were conclusively reunited in 1665 under:

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Leopold XII 1657/1665-1705		9 June 1640 Vienna fourth son of Ferdinand IV and Maria Anna of Spain	(1) Margaret Theresa of Spain Vienna 12 December 1666 four children (2) Claudia Felicitas of Austria Graz 15 October 1673 two daughter (3) Eleonor Magdalene of the Palatinate Passau 14 December 1676 eleven children	5 May 1705 Vienna aged 64
Joseph I 1705-1711		26 July 1678 Vienna eldest son of Leopold XII and Eleonor Magdalene of the Palatinate	Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick Vienna 10 June 1646 three children	17 April 1711 Vienna aged 32
Charles III 1711-1740		1 October 1685 Vienna second son of Leopold XII and Eleonor Magdalene of the Palatinate	Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Santa Maria del Mar, Barcelona 1 August 1708 five children	20 October 1740 Vienna aged 55
Maria Theresa 1740-1780 with Francis I Stephen (1740–1765) Joseph II (1765–1780)		13 May 1717 Hofburg Imperial Palace eldest daughter of Charles III and Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel	Vienna 12 February 1736 sixteen children	29 November 1780 Hofburg Imperial Palace aged 63
Francis I Stephen with Maria Theresa (1740–1765)		8 December 1708 Nancy fourth son of Leopold, Duke of Lorraine and Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans		18 August 1765 Innsbruck aged 56

House of Habsburg-Lorraine

The Austrian branch technically ended in 1780 with the death of Maria Theresa of Austria and was replaced by the Vaudemont branch of the House of Lorraine in the person of her son Joseph II. However, in practice, the new successor house styled itself as Habsburg-Lorraine (Habsburg-Lothringen). All Habsburgs living today are in the agnatic descendants of Maria Theresa and Francis Stephen.

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Joseph II 1765-1790 with Maria Theresa (1765–1780)		13 March 1741 Vienna eldest son of Francis I Stephen and Maria Theresa	(1) Isabella of Parma Vienna 6 October 1760 two daughter (2) Maria Josepha of Bavaria Schönbrunn 23 January 1765 no issue	20 February 1790 Vienna aged 48
Leopold XIII 1790–1792		5 May 1747 Vienna third son of Francis I and Maria Theresa	Maria Luisa of Spain Innsbruck 16 February 1764 sixteen children	1 March 1792 Vienna aged 44
Francis II 1792–11 August 1804		12 February 1768 Florence eldest son of Leopold XIII and Maria Luisa of Spain	(1) Elisabeth of Württemberg Vienna 6 January 1788 one daughter (2) Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily Vienna 15 September 1790 12 children (3) Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este Vienna 6 January 1808 no issue (4) Caroline Augusta of Bavaria Vienna 29 October 1816 no issue	2 March 1835 Vienna aged 67

Emperors of Austria

In 1804 Francis I adopted the new title Emperor of Austria, but kept the title of Archduke of Austria. In 1806 the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved.

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Francis I 11 August 1804–1835		12 February 1768 Florence eldest son of Leopold XIII and Maria Luisa of Spain	(1) Elisabeth of Württemberg Vienna 6 January 1788 one daughter (2) Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily Vienna 15 September 1790 12 children (3) Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este Vienna 6 January 1808 no issue (4) Caroline Augusta of Bavaria Vienna 29 October 1816 no issue	2 March 1835 Vienna aged 67
Ferdinand I 1835-1848		19 April 1793 Vienna eldest son of Francis II and Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily	Maria Anna of Savoy Vienna 27 February 1831 no issue	29 June 1875 Prague aged 82
Francis Joseph I 1848-1916		18 August 1830 Schönbrunn Palace eldest son of Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and Princess Sophie of Bavaria	Elisabeth of Bavaria Augustinerkirche 24 April 1854 four children	21 November 1916 Schönbrunn Palace aged 86
Charles I 1916-12 November 1918		17 August 1887 Persenbeug-Gottsdorf eldest son of Archduke Otto Francis of Austria and Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony	Zita of Bourbon-Parma Schwarzau Castle 21 October 1911 eight children	1 April 1922 Madeira aged 34

Austrian Republic

In 1918, following the breakup of the Habsburg monarchy, the First Austrian Republic was established, but ended with "Anschluß" into the Third Reich from 1938-1945. Following World War II, the Second Austrian Republic was established in 1945, even though Austria remained under the control and protection of Allied and Soviet Forces between 1945-1955.

The current head of state is the President of Austria; however, in practice, the Chancellor of Austria is more important. Every law still needs to be signed by the President however.

Otto von Habsburg (1912-2011), son of Emperor Charles, was the head of the Habsburg house from 1922, but never reigned. In 2007 he handed the headship to his oldest son Karl Habsburg-Lothringen, Prince Imperial of Austria and Prince Royal of Hungary, who was currently first in the Line of succession to the Austro-Hungarian throne, but without any recognised title. He is now the new head of the imperial family.

See also

• Austria
• Austrian Empire
• Habsburg
• Habsburg Monarchy
• Archduchy of Austria
• History of Austria
• Holy Roman Empire

References