- Torbern Bergman
Infobox Scientist
name = Torbern Bergman
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caption = Torbern Olof Bergman (1735-1784)
birth_date =March 20 ,1735
birth_place =Katrineberg ,Sweden
death_date =July 8 ,1784
death_place =Medevi ,Sweden
residence =
citizenship =
nationality =
ethnicity =
field =Chemist andmineralogist
work_institutions =University of Uppsala
alma_mater =University of Uppsala
doctoral_advisor =Bengt Ferrner
doctoral_students =Johann Afzelius
known_for = Chemical affinity tables
author_abbrev_bot =
author_abbrev_zoo =
influences =Carl von Linné
influenced =
prizes =
footnotes =Torbern Olof Bergman (
March 20 ,1735 Katrineberg ,Sweden , –July 8 ,1784 Medevi ,Sweden ) was a Swedishchemist andmineralogist noted for his 1775 "Dissertation on Elective Attractions", containing the largestchemical affinity tables ever published. Bergman was the first chemist to use the A, B, C, etc., system of notation forchemical species .He was the son of Barthold Bergman and Sara Hägg. Torbern gained his education at the
University of Uppsala , and received aPh.D. in 1758. He then lectured at the university inphysics andmathematics before becoming aprofessor ofchemistry . He remained at this position for the rest of his life.Bergman greatly contributed to the advancement of
quantitative analysis , and he developed a mineral classification scheme based on chemical characteristics and appearance. He is noted for his research on the chemistry ofmetal s, especiallybismuth andnickel .In 1771, four years after
Joseph Priestley first created artificiallycarbonated water , Bergman invented a process to make carbonated water from chalk by the action ofsulfuric acid . Finally he is noted for his sponsorship ofCarl Wilhelm Scheele , whom some deem to be Torbern's "greatest discovery".In 1771, he married Margareta Catharina Trast.
Publications
*"A Dissertation on Elective Attractions", 1775.
*"Essays, Physical and Chemical", 1779–1781.
*"Physick Beskrifning Ofver Jordklotet", 1766.Further reading
* Mostrom, Birgitta. (1957). "Torbern Bergman: a bibliography of his works." Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell. Includes over 300 items, including translations printed up to 1956.
* Schufle, J.A. (1985). "Torbern Bergman : a man before his time." Lawrence, Kan.: Coronado Press.
* cite encyclopedia
last = Smeaton
first = W.A.
title = Bergman, Torbern Olaf
encyclopedia =Dictionary of Scientific Biography
volume = 2
pages = 4-8
publisher = Charles Scribner's Sons
location = New York
date = 1970
isbn = 0684101149External links
* [http://academic.emporia.edu/aberjame/histgeol/bergman/bergman.htm Torbern Bergman Biography] - by James S. Aber
*Bergman, Torbern (1735 - 1784). [http://www.scs.uiuc.edu/~mainzv/exhibit/bergman.htm Opuscula Physica et Chemica] . 6 vols. Uppsala, 1780.
* [http://www.scs.uiuc.edu/~mainzv/Web_Genealogy/Info/bergmanto.pdf Bergman's chemical genealogy]
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