American way

The American way of life is an expression that refers to the "life style" of people living in the United States of America. It is an example of a behavioral modality, developed from the 17th century until today. It refers to a nationalist ethos that purports to adhere to principles of "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness." It has some connection to the concept of American exceptionalism and the American Dream.

History

During the time of the Cold War, the expression was commonly used by the media to highlight the differences in living standards of the populations of the United States and the Soviet Union. At that time, American popular culture broadly embraced the idea that anyone, regardless of the circumstances of his or her birth, could significantly increase his or her standard of living through determination, hard work, and natural ability. In the employment sector, this concept was expressed in the belief that a competitive market would foster individual talent and a renewed interest in entrepreneurship. Politically, it took the form of a belief in the superiority of a free democracy, founded on a productive and economic expansion without limits.

An influential 1955 book, "Protestant, Catholic, Jew" by Will Herberg, identified the American Way of Life, politically "compounded almost equally of democracy and free enterprise", [William Herberg (1955, 1983), p. 264] as the "common religion" of American society:

The American Way of life is individualistic, dynamic, pragmatic. It affirms the supreme value and dignity of the individual; it stresses incessant activity on his part, for he is never to rest but is always to be striving to "get ahead"; it defines an ethic of self-reliance, merit, and character, and judges by achievement: "deeds, not creeds" are what count. The "American Way of Life" is humanitarian, "forward-looking", optimistic. Americans are easily the most generous and philanthropic people in the world, in terms of their ready an unstinting response to suffering anywhere on the globe. The American believes in progress, in self-improvement, and quite fanatically in education. But above all, the American is idealistic. Americans cannot go on making money or achieving worldly success simply on its own merits; such "materialistic" things must, in the American mind, be justified in "higher" terms, in terms of "service" or "stewardship" or "general welfare"... And because they are so idealistic, Americans tend to be moralistic; they are inclined to see all issues as plain and simple, black and white, issues of morality. [William Herberg (1955, 1983), "Protestant, Catholic, Jew: an Essay in American religious sociology". University of Chicago Press. p.79]

As one commentator notes, "the first half of Herberg's statement still holds true nearly half a century after he first formulated it", even though "Herberg's latter claims have been severely if not completely undermined... materialism no longer needs to be justified in high-sounding terms". [Ralph C. Wood (2004), "Flannery O'Connor and the Christ-haunted South", Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, p. 21]

In the National Archives and Records Administration's 1999 Annual Report, National Archivist John W. Carlin writes, "We are different because our government and our way of life are not based on the divine right of kings, the hereditary privileges of elites, or the enforcement of deference to dictators. They are based on pieces of paper, the Charters of Freedom - the Declaration that asserted our independence, the Constitution that created our government, and the Bill of Rights that established our liberties." [http://www.archives.gov/about/plans-reports/performance-accountability/annual/1999/1999-annual-report.html]

American way of life in popular culture

Comics

The comic book superhero Superman fights for "truth, justice and the American way." In some modern comic books it has been changed to "truth, justice and hope". However, after the events of "Infinite Crisis," the "Up, Up and Away" story arc firmly re-established Superman's slogan as its original manifestation.

Films and TV series

American Way is the name of a mini-series being produced by Wildstorm that explores an America where super-beings exist, but are being used as propaganda by the American government.

TV series

* "The American Way" is regularly (indeed constantly) satirized in the TV show "The Simpsons". In the season eight episode "Simpsoncalifragilisticexpiala(Annoyed Grunt)cious", Sherry Bobbins and the family sing the following:::"If you cut every corner things are never all that bad"::"Everybody does it -- even Mom and Dad."::"If nobody sees it, then nobody gets mad--"::"It's the American Way!"

Writers

Many American writers describe or refer to the American way. Examples in the 17th century, Thomas Morton (c. 1576 – c. 1647), Roger Williams (1603 – 1683) and Anne Hutchinson (1591 – 1643).

In the 19th century, Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882), Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862), Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864), Herman Melville (1819-1891), Walt Whitman (1819-1892), Mark Twain (1835-1910).

In the 1900 Jack London (1876-1916), Theodore Dreiser (1871-1945), Sherwood Anderson (1876-1941), Eugene O'Neill (1888-1953), Clifford Odets (1906-1963), T. S. Eliot (1888-1965), John Dos Passos (1896-1970), Francis Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940) e Henry Louis Mencken (1880-1956).

From 1900 to 1950, Sinclair Lewis (1885-1951), William Faulkner (1897-1962), Henry Miller (1891-1980), Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961), John Steinbeck (1902-1968), Richard Wright (1908-1960), William Saroyan (1908-1981), Nelson Algren (1909-1981), Paul Bowles (1910-1999), Jerome Salinger (1919-vivente), Norman Mailer (1923-2007), Gore Vidal (1925-vivente).

From 1950 to the present, Jack Kerouac (1922-1969), Allen Ginsberg (1922-1997), William Burroughs (1914-1997) and others.

The Cuban writer H. Zumbado had a book published in 1981 under the title "El American Way", satirizing the American way of life. The also Cuban humorist and writer Juan Ángel Cardi wrote a novel entitled "El American Way of Death", published in 1981, also satirizing the American Way of Life.

Music

Some songs by Woody Guthrie (1912-1967) are about the American way of life.

References

ee also

* American Dream
* American Way Magazine
* Culture of the United States
* People for the American Way
* Richard Hamilton (artist)

External links

* [http://www.archives.gov/ U.S. National Archivies and Record Administration]
* [http://teachpol.tcnj.edu/amer_pol_hist/thumbnail427.html American family 1958]