- Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel
Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel (
February 24 ,1809 -June 17 ,1885 ) was a Germangeneralfeldmarschall noted for his victories in theFranco-Prussian War .Son of the president of the superior court of
Magdeburg , he was born atDresden , and brought up with his cousin,Otto von Manteuffel (1805-1882), the Prussian statesman, entered the guard cavalry at Berlin in 1827, and became an officer in 1828. After attending the War Academy for two years, and serving successively as "aide-de-camp " to General von Müffling and to Prince Albert of Prussia, he was promoted captain in 1843 and major in 1848, when he became "aide-de-camp" to Frederick William IV, whose confidence he had gained during the revolutionary movement in Berlin.Promoted lieutenant-colonel in 1852, and colonel (and commanding officer of the 5th Uhlans) in 1853, he was sent on important diplomatic missions to
Vienna andSt Petersburg . In 1857 he was promoted to major-general and chief of the military cabinet (the King's military advisers). He gave strong support to the Prince Regent's plans for the reorganization of the army. In 1861 he was violently attacked in a pamphlet byKarl Twesten (1820-1870), a Liberal leader, whom he wounded in aduel , for which Manteuffel insisted in being briefly imprisoned. He served aslieutenant-general (to which rank he was promoted on the coronation of William I,October 18 ,1861 ) in the Danish war of 1864, and at its conclusion was appointed civil and military governor ofSchleswig . In the Austrian War of 1866 he first occupiedHolstein and afterwards commanded a division under Vogel von Falkenstein in the Hanoverian campaign, and succeeded him, in July, in command of theArmy of the Main (seeSeven Weeks' War ).His successful operations ended with the occupation of Würzburg, and be received the "order pour le mérite". However, on account of his monarchist political views throughout the political crises of the 1860s, and of his almost bigoted
Roman Catholicism , he was regarded by Liberal politicians as a reactionary, and, unlike the other army commanders, he was not granted a money reward for his services. He then went on a diplomatic mission to St Petersburg, where he was "persona grata", and gained Russia's acquiescence to Prussia's domination of north Germany. On his return he was gazetted to the colonelcy of the5th Dragoons . He was appointed to the command of theIX (Schleswig-Holstein) Corps in 1866. But having formerly exercised both civil and military control in the Elbe duchies he was unwilling to be a purely military commander under one of his late civil subordinates, and retired from the army for a year.In 1868, however, he returned to active service. In the
Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 he commanded the I Corps under Steinmetz, distinguishing himself in thebattle of Colombey-Neuilly , and in the repulse of Bazaine at Noisseville (seeFranco-German War ). He succeeded Steinmetz in October in the command of the I. army, won thebattle of Amiens against GeneralFarre , and occupiedRouen , but was less fortunate against Faidherbe at Pont Noyelles and Bapaume.In January 1871 he commanded the newly formed
Army of the South , which he led, in spite of hard frost, through theCôte d'Or and over the plateau of Langres, cut offBourbaki 'sArmy of the East (80,000 men), and, after the action of Pontarlier, compelled it to cross the Swiss frontier, where it was disarmed. His immediate reward was the Grand Cross of the order of theIron Cross , and at the conclusion of peace he received the Black Eagle. When the Southern Army was disbanded Manteuffel commanded first theII. army , and, from June 1871 until 1873, the army of occupation left in France, showing great tact in a difficult position.At the close of the occupation, the Emperor promoted Manteuffel to the rank of Field Marshal and awarded him a large financial grant, and about the same time
Alexander II of Russia gave him theOrder of St. Andrew . After this he was employed on several diplomatic missions, was for a time Governor of Berlin, and in 1879 - perhaps, as was commonly reported, because he was considered by Bismarck as a formidable rival - he was appointed Governor-General of occupiedAlsace-Lorraine . He is remembered in Alsace Lorraine as a very human, cultivated man, and as a conciliator whose fairness was often abused by some dominant figures. Opening the first session of the Landesausschuss (the regional assembly of Alsace-Lorraine), he announced his firm intention to gain full autonomy for Alsace-Lorraine, so that she could become a fully-fledged state of the German Reich. He died at Carlsbad,Bohemia in 1885, still in office but without having achieved his aim.Notes
References
* life by
v. Collas (Berlin, 1874)
*KH Keck (Bielefeld and Leipzig, 1890).
* Alsace Lorraine / Elsass Lothringen [Rev.P.Zind] (C0pernic, Paris, 1979)
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.