Khamti

Infobox Ethnic group
group=Khamti Shan


poptime= 70,000 (est.)
popplace=Myanmar, India
rels=Theravada Buddhism, Animism
langs=Shan, Burmese, Assamese, other
related=

The Khamti, whose name is also spelled as Hkamti by the Burmese and Khampti by the Assamese, is a sub-group of the Shan people found in the Sagaing Division, Hkamti District in northwestern Burma as well as Lohit district of Arunachal Pradesh in India. Smaller numbers can be found in parts of Assam as well as the East Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh. As of 1990 their total population was estimated to be around 70,000, but in 2000 it was recalculated that it actually stood at 13,100, of which 4,235 live in Burma.

The Khamti who inhabit the region around the Tengapani basin were descendants of migrants who came during the 18th century from the Bor-Khampti region, the mountainous valley of the Irrawaddy. The Khamti possess East Asian features.

The Khamti are followers of Theravada Buddhism, though many are non-vegetarians. The Khamti adopted a script of Shan origin, known as Lik-Tai for their language. [cite book|title=Atlas of the Languages and Ethnic Communities of South Asia
author=Roland J. L. Breton|publisher=SAGE Publications|year=1997|pages=188|isbn=0803993676]

Society

The Khamti society is divided into classes, each signifying distinct status in the social hierarchy. The chiefs occupy the highest positions, followed by the priests, who wield considerable influence over all ranks. In the past, the slaves constituted the lowest rank.

Culture

Lifestyle and customs

Houses of the Khamti are built on raised floors with thatched roofs. The roofs are constructed so low that the walls remain concealed. Wooden planks are used for flooring and the walls are made of bamboo splices. There are separate dormitories for the unmarried ladies and bachelors. Dormitories play an important role in the Khamti society.

Each village has its dormitory, with young girls at one end and young boys at the other. A girl who becomes an inmate of the Girls’ dormitory never sleeps at home, although she always return home for meals. The Virgins’ house is considered to be a sacred place and is in the charge of older maidens. The Khamti are settled agriculturists. Unlike other tribes, they use the plough (Thai) drawn by a single animal, either an oxen or a buffalo.

The Khamti raise crops such as paddy rice (khapu), mustard (hanio) and potato (man kala). Their staple food is rice, usually supplemented by vegetables, meat and fish. They also drink a beer made from rice (thou) as a beverage. [cite book|title=Man in India|author=Sarat Chandra Roy|publisher=A.K. Bose|year=1965|pages=240|isbn=]

Dress

The traditional Khamti dress of men consisted of a blue, tight-fitting jacket of cotton cloth. They also wear a full sleeved cotton shirt (siu pajai) and the deep-coloured lungi (phanoi). The women's dresses consists of a half-sleeved blouse (siu pajao), a deep-coloured skirt (siu) made from cotton or silk, and a coloured silk scarf. [cite book|title=Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh
author=P. Thankappan Nair|publisher=Spectrum Publications|year=1995|pages=58-60|isbn=] Their jewelry consists of bright amber earrings and coral and bead necklaces. The Khamti men usually tattoo their bodies upon visiting their relatives in Burma.

The Khamti tie their hair into a large knot, which is supported by a white turban. The chiefs wear a Chinese coat made of silk. The Khamti women tie their hair in the "sky-scraper" style. The hair is drawn up from the back and sides in one massive roll, measuring four to five inches in length. An embroidered band, the fringed and tasseled ends of which hang down behind, encircles the roll.

Arts

The Khamti are renowned for their craftsmanship. Their sword (known as dao) is well-known by people from Assam. Their priests are also known to be amateur craftsmen, who use wood, bone or ivory to carve out religious statues. [cite book|titleFarmers of India|author=Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Mohinder Singh Randhawa, Prem Nath|publisher=ill., maps|year=1963|pages=325-7|isbn=]

It is believed that by shaping ivory handles of weapons they will evince great skill. Their weapons include poisoned bamboo spikes (panjis), spear, bow and arrow, sword, and shield, usually made of rhinoceros or buffalo hide. The Khamti also have firearms which resemble old flint muskets and horse pistols. The sword is carried on the frontal part of the body, so that its hilt can be grasped in the right hand if needed.

References

External links

* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=kht Ethnologue Profile]
* [http://www.buddhistchannel.tv/index.php?id=1,2083,0,0,1,0 Buddhist temple gutted in fire]