Israel of Krems

Israel of Krems

Israel of Krems was an Austrian rabbi who flourished in the 14th and 15th centuries. He was the great-grandfather of Israel ben Petahiah Isserlein, who quotes him in his commentary on Rashi to the Pentateuch, section "Wayeḥi." Israel was the author of "Haggahot Asheri," notes on Rabbeinu Asher's Talmudic compendium, printed with the text. Grätz identifies Israel of Krems with the Israel whom Emperor Rupert appointed, by a decree of May 3, 1407, chief rabbi of all the German communities ("Hochmeister über alle Rabbinen"), giving him a certificate declaring him to be a great Talmudic scholar and a good man.

But as Israel's functions included the civil control of the Jews, and especially the collection of the taxes, the German rabbis opposed his appointment. Some of them even threatened him with excommunication in case he did not resign. The emperor, upon hearing of this, confirmed Israel's appointment as chief rabbi by a second decree (November 23, 1407), imposing a fine of twenty gold marks on any one refusing to submit to him. But the edicts had little effect, and the office of the chief rabbi became obsolete soon after its creation. No further mention of Israel occurs until 1415, when he is mentioned in a document of Emperor Sigismund, appointing him to superintend the collection of the Jewish taxes, in which office he was the subordinate of the hereditary chamberlain Conrad of Weinsberg.

Jewish Encyclopedia Bibliography

*Grätz, "Gesch." 3d ed., viii. 102-104;
*Stobbe, "Die Juden in Deutschland," pp. 148, 259, Brunswick, 1866;
*Fuenn, "Keneset Yisrael," pp. 702-703;
*Frankel-Grün, "Gesch. der Juden in Kremsier," i.14, 15, Breslau, 1896.

References

*JewishEncyclopedia


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать курсовую

Look at other dictionaries:

  • ISRAEL OF KREMS — (fl. mid 14th century), talmudist. He studied together with abraham klausner under Moses of Znaim (Moravia). There is no basis for Graetz s assertion that he is identical to Israel b. Isaac of Nuremberg whom the Elector Rupert appointed in 1407… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Israel (name) — Israel is a Biblical given name. The patriarch Jacob was given the name Israel (Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל, Standard Yisraʾel Tiberian Yiśrāʾēl; Struggled with God ) after he wrestled with the angel (Genesis 32:28 and 35:10) The name already… …   Wikipedia

  • Israel (desambiguación) — Israel es un nombre hebreo (ישׂראל, Yisra el o Yiśrā’ēl, Árabe: إسرائيل, Isrā īl) cuyo significado es «el que lucha con Dios» ; fue el nombre dado al patriarca bíblico Jacob, por el hombre misterioso con el cual luchó, camino de Betel… …   Wikipedia Español

  • KREMS — KREMS, city in Lower Austria. Jews are first mentioned in Krems in 1136 when Ernustus Judeus witnessed a legal transaction. In 1293 two Jews were broken on the wheel following a blood libel ; the rest of the community was forced to pay the local… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • ISSERLEIN, ISRAEL BEN PETHAHIAH — (1390–1460), the foremost rabbi of Germany in the 15th century. Isserlein was also called, after the towns in which he resided, Israel Marburg and Israel Neustadt, but he was mainly known as the author of Terumat ha Deshen, his chief work.… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • YESHIVOT — The name yeshivah was applied to institutes of talmudic learning of three distinct kinds: (1) the academies in Ereẓ Israel and Babylonia in which the Mishnah was studied by the amoraim and which produced the Jerusalem and Babylonian Talmud (see… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Amnon of Mainz — or Amnon of Mayence is the subject of a medieval legend that became very popular. It treats of Rabbi Amnon, a wealthy and respected Jew of Mainz, whom the Archbishop of Mainz, at various times, tried to convert to Christianity. On one occasion… …   Wikipedia

  • Jüdische Literatur — Jüdische Literatur, im weitern Sinne das gesamte Schrifttum der Juden vom Abschluß der Bibel bis zur Gegenwart. Sie wurzelt in der hebräischen Literatur, deren Pflege und Weiterbildung sie übernimmt. Zu der überkommenen eignen Gelehrsamkeit tritt …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • Mordekhaï ben Hillel — …   Wikipédia en Français

  • ISAAC BEN MOSES OF VIENNA — (c. 1180 c. 1250), halakhic authority of Germany and France. He is usually referred to as Isaac Or Zaru a, i.e., by the title of his important halakhic work. Isaac was born in Bohemia which he usually refers to as the land of Canaan. In his youth …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”