Akademgorodok

Akademgorodok ( _ru. Академгородо́к), is a part of the Russian city Novosibirsk, located 20 km south of the city center. It is the educational and scientific centre of Siberia (coord|54.851|N|83.106|E|scale:30000)

It is located in the center of birch and pine forest on the shore of the Ob Sea, a man-made reservoir on Siberian river Ob. Formally it is a part of Novosibirsk city, and has never been a closed city like, for example, Seversk.

Located within Akademgorodok is Novosibirsk State University ( [http://www.nsu.ru/english/ NSU] ), 35 research institutes, an agricultural academy, medical academy, apartment buildings and houses, and a variety of community amenities including stores, hotels, hospitals, restaurants and cafes, cinemas, clubs and libraries. The House of Scientists ("Dom Uchyonykh"), a social center of Akademgorodok, hosts a library containing 100,000 volumes — Russian classics, modern literature and also many American, British, French, German, Polish books and magazines. The House of Scientists also includes a picture gallery, lecture halls and a concert hall.

History

The town, whose name would translate to English as "Academy Town", was founded in the 1950s by the Soviet Academy of Sciences. Academician Mikhail Alexeyevich Lavrentyev, a physicist and mathematician, the first Chairman of the Siberian Division of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, played a prominent role in establishing Akademgorodok. At its peak, Akademgorodok was home to 65,000 scientists and their families, and was a privileged area to live in.

During Soviet years (1961-1991), due to the peculiarity of the Soviet economic system, monetary rewards did not always translate into a higher standard of living. To offset this, a special compensation system was devised in Akademgorodok for its residents and leading scientists. For example, residents of Akademgorodok had access to special food ration distribution outlets (“stoly zakazov”) that provided, most of the time, an access to some basic subsidized foodstuffs, which were not always easily obtainable elsewhere. Politically conforming scientists who had obtained a doctorate (a post-Ph.D. degree under the Russian system)were rewarded by the authorities with the special food delivery service ("doktorskiy zakaz”), which provided access to a wider selection of groceries than available to the general population; some of the scientists, despite being eligible for this perquisite, refused it on moral grounds.Fact|date=July 2008 Full and corresponding members of the Academy of Sciences had access to still higher level of service ("akademichiskii zakaz") and were eligible to live in cottages, considered luxurious by Soviet standards, as most of the population lived in apartments situated in nine- and four-story multi-apartment buildings.

Akademgorodok in the post-Soviet Era

The collapse of the Soviet Union saw many scientists, including whole cadres of Russia's top minds in the physical and theoretical sciences, reduced to penury. Beginning in the mid-1990s, as economic reforms allowed private investment in Russia, Akademgorodok saw the beginnings of venture funding. In 1992, a software company called Novosoft was founded here, and its chief client was IBM. Around the same time CFT started, which specialize in banking and financial software. By 1997 private investment reached $10 million; by 2006 it was $150 million and climbing. Intel and Schlumberger have brought work to Akademgorodok, and other companies are following them into the area. Dr. Lavrentyev's son, also named Mikhail and also an accomplished mathematician in his own right, has been deeply involved in this renaissance. While still minuscule by the standards of other countries, the private venture effort in Akademgorodok has breathed new life into what was once one of the Soviet Union's premier scientific centers. [ Fortune April 2, 2007.]

The area is called Silicon Forest by some. [ [http://blogs.wsj.com/informedreader/2007/03/19/russias-siberian-high-tech-haven/ Russia’s Siberian High-Tech Haven] , Wall Street Journal blog, March 19, 2007] [ [http://money.cnn.com/2007/03/23/technology/silicon_siberia.fortune/index.htm Tech in a very cold place: A former Soviet science center is a hotbed of software innovation.] , Fortune Magazine, by Brett Forrest, March 23 2007]

List of research and education facilities in Akademgorodok

*Kutateladze Institute of Thermal Physics
*Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
*United Institute of Catalysis
*Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry
*Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics
* [http://www.iis.nsk.su/index_e.shtml Ershov Institute of Informatics Systems]
* [http://www.sscc.ru/ Institute of Informatics and Mathematical Geophysics]
*Novosibirsk Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry
* [http://www.bionet.nsc.ru/boardtest/cgi-bin/catalog/main.pl Institute of Cytology and Genetics]
*Sobolev [http://math.nsc.ru/english.html Institute of Mathematics]
* [http://www.uiggm.nsc.ru/engl/ United Institute of Geology, Geophysics and Mineralogy]
*United [http://www.iae.nsk.su/ Institute of Automation and Electrometry]
* [http://www.isp.nsc.ru/Eng/ Institute of Semiconductors Physics]
* [http://itam.nsc.ru/index_eng.html/ Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics]
*Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion
*United Institute of Hydrodynamics
*United Institute of History
*Philology and Philosophy
*Institute of Laser Physics
*Central Siberian Botanical Garden
*Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry
*Research Institute of Circulation Pathology
*Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering
* [http://www.sbras.nsc.ru/ Presidium of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences]
*House of Scientists
*Novosibirsk State University [http://www.nsu.ru Novosibirsk State University]
* [http://sesc.nsu.ru Specialized Educational Scientific Center on Physics, Mathematics, Chemistry and Biology of Novosibirsk State University]
*Museum of Archæology and Ethnography
*Central Siberian Geological Museum
* [http://www.ict.nsc.ru/ Institute of Computational Technologies]

ee also

*Education in Russia

References

External links

* [http://www.nsc.ru/ Official website of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences] (in Russian and English)
* [http://costard.lbl.gov/~telnov/htmls/binp.html Alexandre Telnov's photographic history of Akademgorodok]
* [http://novosibirskguide.com/Akademgorodok/ Akademgorodok on NovosibirskGuide.com]
* [http://foto.academ.org/ Photographs of Akademgorodok (in Russian)]
* [http://www.slate.com/id/2182657/ Silicon Forest: Magnum presents the center of Russia's science industry] : photographs of Akademgorodok
* [http://academ.org Academ.org] one of local area networks of Academgorodok - forum, photos

*Josephson, Paul R. (1997) "New Atlantis Revisited: Akademgorodok, the Siberian City of Science". Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-044454-6.
*Dispatches - Silicon Siberia Fortune April 2, 2007 pp 33-36