Hornet Flight

"Hornet Flight" is a World War II based spy thriller written by British author Ken Follett. The U.S. hardcover edition was published by Dutton Books in 2002; the paperback printing (ISBN 0-451-21074-3) from Signet Books followed in 2003.

Plot introduction

By late spring 1941, England alone stood against Nazi Germany on the Western Front. In the East, the Russian Army was feeling the full force of Operation Barbarossa. To show solidarity among the unlikely capitalist-communist Alliance, Winston Churchill and Bomber Command planned a massive aerial bombardment of German territories. Unfortunately and inexplicably, Bomber Command's planes were getting shot down in record numbers.

Meanwhile, 18-year-old Danish schoolboy Harald Olufsen grows increasingly dissatisfied with his country's cooperation with the German invaders. His resentment of the Wehrmacht leads him to discover the truth about a hidden military installation, a truth known to only a select few in the Nazi organization. Running from the German authorities and an old family enemy, Copenhagen police detective Peter Flemming, Harald knows that he must get to England. But to do so in time to save the bombers, Harald has one option: flight.

Historical background to the novel

Hornet Flight is a fictionalized retelling of actual events. Follett's website states that his inspiration for the story came from Leo Marks, a former Special Operations Executive employee, who wrote a brief account in his book, about two young Danes who found a derelict De Havilland Hornet Moth biplane, repaired it, and flew it to England. While that event inspired the use of two teen-aged Danes as his primary characters, the story of the photographing of the German radar station and flying the film to England was actually that of Thomas Sneum, a flight lieutenant in the Danish Naval Air Service, who made the flight to England in a Hornet with the mechanic who helped him rebuild it, Keld Peterson, on 21 June 1941. Sneum was arrested as a suspected double agent before being returned to Denmark as an agent, from which he escaped again in 1942 by crossing the ice to Sweden with a fellow naval aviator.

The German radar installations causing the havoc with the English bombers are historical. The Freya radar that Harald investigates was part of the Kammhuber Line, the German night air defense system along the North Sea. The Freya radar, with a range of 100 miles, was used to detect an incoming bombers at long-distance. Then 2 modified "Würzburg Riese" ("Large Würzburg") radars tracked a single English bomber and a German night fighter to bring them together. The RAF tactically countered the line by concentrating all its bombers through a single radar sector in a "bomber stream", allowing the bulk to escape interception because the system could only concentrate on one bomber at a time.

However the actual events alluded to in "Hornet Flight" occurred a year later than in the novel, and without connection to the German invasion of the Soviet Union. The "Himmelbett" structure of radar installations did not become operational until late 1941. RAF bomber losses increased by 50% in the first months of 1942, but the trend was reversed with the first "thousand bomber raid" on Cologne on 30 May 1942. The concept of the bomber stream was not the result of espionage by Resistance operatives in any occupied country, but resulted from statistical analysis of British operations.

Complex Characters and motivations

Unlike formula thrillers, the German characters in "Hornet Flight" are in general quite decent and honourable. Harald's main nemesis, Police Detective Peter Flemming, is a childhood acquaintance, formerly his older brother's best friend turned bitter enemy after a falling out between the families. Detective Flemming, though in some ways quite monstrous, does not lack for psychological depth. An authoritarian personality leads him to regard being a policeman as more than a job - rather, as a Cause and a Mission, almost a religion. In the conditions of 1941 Denmark, it leads him to become a committed Nazi collaborator, indeed sometimes showing more zeal than the Germans themselves.

The struggle which Harald and his friends wage, making enormous sacrifices, is morally ambiguous: they are, in essence, willing to lay their lives on the line so that British planes will be able to bomb the civilian population of the German cities with impunity. Only the vital need to bring down Hitler's monstrous and genocidal regime can justify their actions. Follett brings home the point by having the RAF, using the information which Harald and Karen brought at such high price, set out to bomb Hamburg - where Harald's beloved Jewish aunt and cousin live, who used to come over to merry holidays at Harald's parents' home. At the book's end Harald remains with the gnawing doubt that he may have caused their deaths - and, while not making him doubt the rightness of what he did, it does make him less than jubilant at his well-earned victory.

This novel generated some controversy when a veteran of the Royal Air Force, Alan Frampton, wrote to Follett to complain about a character in the prologue to the story, "Charles Ford" - a black RAF officer. Frampton, who resides in Zimbabwe, claimed that there were no black officers in the RAF, and accused Follett of including the character as a "sop" to black people. Ulric Cross, a black former RAF squadron leader and the man on whom the character of Charles Ford was based, refuted Frampton's claims in an article published in the Trinidad Express. Over 250 Trinidadians alone served in the RAF during World War II.

List of characters

* Harald Olufsen - an 18 year old minister's son, engineering student, who loves American jazz and hates Nazis
* Arne Olufsen - older brother of Harald; Danish Army Aviation pilot
* Karen Duchwitz - Jewish twin sister of Harald's schoolmate Tik, with whom Harald falls in love
* Hermia Mount - MI6 agent engaged to Arne Olufsen before the war
* Peter Flemming - Copenhagen detective; enemy of the Olufsens
* Tilde Jespersen - Police colleague of Flemming
* Digby Hoare - advisor to Winston Churchill, who loves Hermia
* Poul Kirke - Danish Army Aviation pilot and member of Hermia's spy network, the Nightwatchmen
* Walter Braun - Nazi General overseeing the Danish police

External links

* [http://www.ken-follett.com/bibliography/hornetflight.html Ken Follett's "Hornet Flight" - official site]
* [http://www.trinidadexpress.com/index.pl/article?id=6293642 Trinidad News - UK war novel character inspired by Ulric Cross]
* [http://www.flymuseum.dk/sprog/engelsk/UKfly/hornetMoth.html See photograph and history of the Hornet Moth]