Betulia Liberata

Betulia Liberata

La Betulia liberata ("The Liberation of Bethulia"), K. 118 (74c), is an oratorio by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. It was composed in March-July 1771 when Mozart was only 15 years old, from a text by Pietro Metastasio based on the story of Judith and Holofernes from the apocryphal "Book of Judith".

The oratorio, the only one that Mozart ever composed, was commissioned by Giuseppe Ximenes, Prince of Aragon, whilst Mozart was in Padua, Italy. Stylistically it is similar to works by Leonardo Leo and Johann Hasse. It is in two parts and consists of sixteen arias with solo or choral parts, scored for soloists, choir and orchestra. It was not performed in Mozart's lifetime.

Dramatis personae

* "Ozia" ("Ozias"), governor of Bethulia (tenor)
* "Giuditta" ("Judith"), widow of Manasses (alto)
* "Amital", noblewoman of Israel (soprano)
* "Achior", prince of the Ammonites (bass)
* "Cabri" ("Cabris") e "Carmi", populace' chiefs (sopranos)
* "Bethulians" (chorus)

The work

Parte prima
# Overtura
# Recitativo: "Popoli di Betulia" (Ozia)
# Aria #1: "D’ogni colpa la colpa maggiore" (Ozia)
# Recitativo: "E in che sperar?" (Cabri, Amital)
# Aria #2: "Ma qual virtù non cede" (Cabri)
# Recitativo: "Già le memorie antiche" (Ozia, Cabri, Amital)
# Aria #3: "Non hai cor" (Amital)
# Recitativo: "E qual pace sperate" (Ozia, Amital, Coro)
# Aria con il Coro #4: "Pietà, se irato sei" (Ozia, Coro)
# Recitativo: "Chi è costei che qual sorgente aurora" (Cabri, Amital, Ozia, Giuditta)
# Aria #5: "Del pari infeconda" (Giuditta)
# Recitativo: "Oh saggia, oh santa" (Ozia, Cabri, Giuditta)
# Aria con il Coro #6: "Pietà, se irato sei" (Ozia, Coro)
# Recitativo: "Signor, Carmi a te viene" (Cabri, Amital, Carmi, Ozia, Achior)
# Aria #7: "Terribile d’aspetto" (Achior)
# Recitativo: "Ti consola, Achior" (Ozia, Cabri, Achior, Giuditta)
# Aria #8: "Parto inerme, e non pavento" (Giuditta)
# Coro #9: "Oh prodigio! Oh stupor!" (Coro)

Parte seconda
# Recitativo: "Troppo mal corrisponde" (Achior, Ozia)
# Aria #10: "Se Dio veder tu vuoi" (Ozia)
# Recitativo: "Confuso io son" (Achior, Ozia, Amital)
# Aria #11: "Quel nocchier che in gran procella" (Amital)
# Recitativo: "Lungamente non dura" (Ozia, Amital, Coro, Cabri, Giuditta, Achior)
# Aria #12: "Prigionier che fa ritorno" (Giuditta)
# Recitativo: "Giuditta, Ozia, popoli, amici" (Achior)
# Aria #13: "Te solo adoro" (Achior)
# Recitativo: "Di tua vittoria" (Ozia, Amital)
# Aria #14: "Con troppa rea viltà" (Amital)
# Recitativo: "Quanta cura hai di noi" (Cabri, Carmi, Ozia, Amital)
# Aria #15: "Quei moti che senti" (Carmi)
# Recitativo: "Seguansi, o Carmi" (Ozia, Amital, Cabri, Achior, Giuditta)
# Aria con il Coro #16: "Lodi al gran Dio" (Giuditta, Coro)

Recordings

* W.A. Mozart: La "Betulia Liberata", Leopold Hager, "Philips" 422522-2
* W.A. Mozart: La "Betulia Liberata", Carlo Felice Cillario, "A. Charlin" AMS 2627/8-2
* W.A. Mozart: La "Betulia Liberata", Mario Rossi, "Opera d'Oro"
* W.A. Mozart: La "Betulia Liberata", Peter Maag, "Brilliant Classics", 99944
* W.A. Mozart: La "Betulia Liberata", Christoph Poppen, "Deutsche Grammophon", DVD 4400734248
* W.A. Mozart: La "Betulia Liberata", Oficina Musicum, OnClassical recording, 2006All recordings are in double CD package.

See also

* Holofernes
* List of compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

External links

* [http://www.mozartproject.org/compositions/k_118__.html The Liberation of Bethulia]


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