Abu-Bakr Muhammad ben Yahya as-Suli

Abu-Bakr Muhammad ben Yahya as-Suli (c. 880 – 946) was an Arab shatranj (an ancestor of chess) player who came to prominence sometime in between 902 and 908 when he beat al-Mawardi, the court shatranj champion of al-Muktafi, the Caliph of Baghdad. Al-Mawardi was so thoroughly beaten he fell from favour, and was replaced by as-Suli. After al-Mukafti's death, as-Suli remained in the favour of the succeeding ruler, al-Muqtadir and in turn ar-Radi.

As-Suli's shatranj-playing ability became legendary and he is still considered one of the best Arab players of all time. His biographer ben Khalliken, who died in 1282, said that even in his lifetime great shatranj players were said to play like as-Suli. Documentary evidence from his lifetime is limited, but the endgames of some of the matches he played are still in existence. His skill in blindfold chess was also mentioned by contemporaries. As-Suli also taught shatranj. His most well known pupil is al-Lajlaj ("the stammerer").

One of his most prominent achievements is his book, "Kitab Ash-Shatranj" (Book of Chess), which was the first scientific book ever written on chess strategy. It contained information on common chess openings, standard problems in middle game, and annotated end games. It also contains the first known description of the knight's tour problem. Many later European writers based their work on modern chess on as-Suli's work. Apart from his chess book he also wrote several historical books.

Upon the death of ar-Radi in 940, as-Suli fell into disfavour with the new ruler due to his sympathies towards Shi'a Islam and as a result had to go into exile at Basra where he spent the rest of his life in poverty. As-Suli's great-grandfather was the Turkish prince Sul-takin, and his uncle the poet Ibrahim (ibn al-'Abbas as-Suli).

as-Suli's Diamond

chaturanga diagram|=
tright|
| | | | | | | |=
| | | | | | | |=
| | | | | | | |=
| | | | | | | |=
| | | |kd| | | |=
|kl|ql| | | | | |=
| | | | | | | |=
qd| | | | | | | |=
=
Black to move, White winsrquote|left|This ancient position is so difficult that there is no one in the world who would be able to solve it, except those I have taught to do so. I doubt whether anyone did this before me. This was said by as-Suli.|12th century manuscript from the library of Sultan Abdul Hamid
as-Suli created a shatranj problem called "as-Suli's Diamond" that went unsolved for over a thousand years. [citation
last=Shenk | first=David
title=The Immortal Game: A History of Chess]
David Hooper and Ken Whyld studied this problem in the mid-1980s but were unable to crack it.It was finally solved by Russian Grandmaster Yuri Averbakh.citation
last=Damsky | first=Yakov
year=2005 | title=The Book of Chess Records
publisher=Batsford | isbn=0-7134-8946-4 | pages=166–167] [citation
last=Ree | first=Hans | author-link=Hans Ree
year=2000 | title=The Human Comedy of Chess
publisher=Access Publishers Network]

As this is a shatranj, the "queen" (counsellor) is a very weak piece, able to move only a single square diagonally.

Notes

References

* Robert Charles Bell (1980). "Board and Table Games from Many Civilizations". ISBN 0-486-23855-5.
* H.J.R. Murray (1913). "A History of Chess". ISBN 0-936317-01-9.