Freskin

Freskin was a minor nobleman active in the reign of King David I of Scotland. His name appears only in a charter by King William to Freskin's son, William, granting Strathbrock in West Lothian and Duffus, Kintrae, and other lands in Moray, "which his father held in the time of King David". [ G. W. S. Barrow, "The Acts of William I King of Scots 1165-1214" in "Regesta Regum Scottorum", Volume II, (Edinburgh, 1971), no. 116, pp. 198-9; trs. of quote, "The Beginnings of Military Feudalism" in Barrow (ed.) "The Kingdom of the Scots", 2nd Ed. (2003), p. 252.] The name Freskin is Flemish, [See Barrow, "The Beginnings of Military Feudalism", p. 252, n. 16, citing T. Forssner, "Continental Germanic Personal Names in England", (Uppsala, 1916), p. 95; J. Mansion, "Oud-Gentsche Naamkunde, (1924), p. 217; and G. White (ed.), "Complete Peerage", vol. xii, pt. I, p. 537, n. d.] and in the words of Geoffrey Barrow "it is virtually certain that Freskin belonged to a large group of Flemish settlers who came to Scotland in the middle decades of the 12th century and were chiefly to be found in West Lothian and the valley of the Clyde". [G.W.S. Barrow, "Badenoch and Strathspey, 1130-1312: 1. Secular and Political" in "Northern Scotland", 8 (1988), p. 3.] Freskin's land acquisition does not appear to be unique, and may have been part of a royal policy in the aftermath of the defeat of king Óengus of Moray. [See Richard Oram, "David I and the Conquest of Moray", in "Northern Scotland", 19 (1999), p. & n. 43; see also, L. Toorians, "Twelfth-century Flemish Settlement in Scotland", in Grant G. Simpson (ed.), "Scotland and the Low Countries, 1124-1994", (East Linton, 1996), pp. 1-14.] For instance, on December 25 1160, a charter was issued by King Máel Coluim IV to Berowald the Fleming, who seems to have controlled Bo'ness in West Lothian, granting him the lands of Innes and "Nether Urquhart" [=Etherurecard] in the "province of Elgin"; [A.A.M. Duncan, "Scotland: The Making of the Kingdom", (Edinburgh, 1975), p. 138, n. 11, where Duncan speculates that Houston near Broxburn may also have belonged to a Fleming.] notably, one of the three witnesses to the charter which granted "Berowald Flandrensis" these lands, was "Wilhelmus filius Frisgin", William, Freskin's son. [G.W.S. Barrow (ed.), "The Acts of Malcolm IV King of Scots 1153-1165, Together with Scottish Royal Acts Prior to 1153 not included in Sir Archibald Lawrie's "Early Scottish Charters", in "Regesta Regum Scottorum", Volume I, (Edinburgh, 1960), no. 175, pp. 219-20.] Freskin appears to be the progenitor of the "de Moravia" or "Murray" family who were lords of Duffus in the later 12th century and early 13th century and who rose to become the earls of Sutherland (southern Caithness), although it was not until the 13th century that we can be certain they took the surname "de Moravia". [Duncan, "Making of the Kingdom", p. 189.]

The Douglas Connection

It is also quite possible that the House of Douglas arose from the same stock. The first recorded Lord of Douglas, William de Douglas, is attested to in various charters of William the Lion. Five of his six sons became clerics, the eldest of which Bricius de Douglas became Bishop of Moray in 1203. Alexander, Henry and Hugh de Douglas all became Canons of Spynie. It appears that the youngest, Freskin de Douglas, remained in Lanarkshire as parson of the parish of Douglas, before being appointed Dean of Moray.The similarity between the heraldry of the Morays and Douglases with the use of "Argent, on a chief azure, three stars of the field" for Douglas, and "Azure, three stars argent, two and one" for Moray, makes this compelling. [A History of the House of Douglas Vol I, Herbert Maxwell. Freemantle & Co., London. 1902] Belief in the common descent of the Morays and Douglases was certainly extant in the early 1400s::"Of Murrawe and the Douglas,":"How that thare begynnyng was",:"Syn syndry spekis syndryly":"I can put that in na story.":"But in thare armeyis bath thai bere":"The sternys [stars] set in lyke manere;":"Til mony men it is yhit sene":"Apperand lyk that had bene":"Of kyn be descens lyneale":"Or be branchys collaterele" Andrew of Wyntoun

Notes

References

* Barrow, G.W.S. (ed.), "The Acts of Malcolm IV King of Scots 1153-1165, Together with Scottish Royal Acts Prior to 1153 not included in Sir Archibald Lawrie's "Early Scottish Charters", in "Regesta Regum Scottorum", Volume I, (Edinburgh, 1960)
* Barrow, G.W.S. (ed.), "The Acts of William I King of Scots 1165-1214" in "Regesta Regum Scottorum", Volume II, (Edinburgh, 1971)
* Barrow, G.W.S., "Badenoch and Strathspey, 1130-1312: 1. Secular and Political" in "Northern Scotland", 8 (1988), pp. 1-15
* Barrow, G.W.S. (ed.), "The Beginnings of Military Feudalism" in Barrow (ed.) The Kingdom of the Scots, 2nd Ed. (2003), p. 252-3
* Duncan, A.A.M., "Scotland: The Making of the Kingdom", (Edinburgh, 1975)
* Oram, Richard, "David I and the Conquest of Moray", in "Northern Scotland", 19 (1999), pp. 1–19
* Toorians, L., "Twelfth-century Flemish Settlement in Scotland", in Grant G. Simpson (ed.), "Scotland and the Low Countries, 1124-1994", (East Linton, 1996), pp. 1-14.