- Gugyeol
Infobox Korean name
hangul=구결 / 입겿
hanja= /
rr=Gugyeol / Ipgyeot
mr=Kugyŏl / IpkyŏtGugyeol is a system for rendering texts written in
Classical Chinese into understandable Korean. It was chiefly used during theJoseon Dynasty , when readings of the Chinese classics were of paramount social importance. Unlike the "idu " and "hyangchal " systems which preceded it, "gugyeol" used specialized markings, together with a subset of Chinese characters, to represented Korean morphological markers. Also, the "idu" and "hyangchal" systems appear to have been used primarily to render the Korean language intohanja ; on the other hand, "gugyeol" sought to render Chinese texts into Korean with a minimum of distortion. Thus, in "gugyeol", the original classical text was not modified, and the additional markers were simply inserted between phrases.The name "gugyeol" can be rendered as "phrase parting," and may refer to the separation of one Chinese phrase from another. This name is itself believed to originate from the use of Chinese characters to represent the
Middle Korean phrase "ipgyeot" (입겿), with a similar meaning. The "gugyeol" system is also sometimes referred to as "to" (토, 吐) or "hyeonto" (현토, 懸吐), since "to" is also used to refer to the morphological affixes themselves; or as "seogui" (석의, 釋義) which can be rendered as "interpretation of the classics.""Gugyeol" first came into use in the early
Goryeo dynasty. In this period, certain Chinese characters were used (along with specialized symbols) to represent Korean sounds through their meaning. For example, the syllable '잇' ("is") was represented with the Chinese character , since that character has the Korean meaning '있다.' This technique came to be replaced in the late Goryeo period with using Chinese characters according to their sound. This later version of the "gugyeol" system was formalized byJeong Mong-ju andGwon Geun around 1400 in the earlyJoseon Dynasty , at the behest of King Taejong. At this time a number ofConfucian classics , including the "Classic of Poetry ", were rendered into "gugyeol".The term "gugyeol" is often extended beyond this early system to similar uses of
hangul following the introduction of the "Hunmin jeongeum " in the 15th century. In this respect, "gugyeol" remains in occasional use in contemporarySouth Korea , where such techniques are still sometimes used to render the Confucian classics into readable form.References
*cite book|author=Kim, Mu-rim (김무림)|title=국어의 역사 (Gugeoui yeoksa, History of the Korean language)|publisher=Hankook Munhwasa|location=Seoul|year=2004|id=ISBN 89-5726-185-0
*cite book|author=Kwon, Jae-seon (권재선)|title=간추린 국어학 발전사 (Ganchurin gugeohak baljeonsa, An abridged history of Korean language studies)|publisher=Ugoltap|location=Seoul|year=1989ee also
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Hanja
*Idu
*Hyangchal
*Hangul External links
* [http://www.encyber.com/search_w/ctdetail.php?contentno=20231 Doosan Encyclopedia entry]
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