Alice Pike Barney

Alice Pike Barney (born Alice Pike, January 14, 1857 – 1931) was an American painter. She was active in Washington, D.C. and worked to make Washington into a center of the arts.

Her two daughters were the writer and salon hostess Natalie Clifford Barney and the Bahá'í writer Laura Clifford Barney. [cite book | last = Rodriguez | first = Suzanne | year = 2002 | title = Wild Heart: A Life: Natalie Clifford Barney and the Decadence of Literary Paris | location = New York | publisher = HarperCollins | pages = 163 | id = ISBN 0-06-093780-7 ]

Biography

Early life

Barney's father Samuel Napthali Pike, who had made his fortune as the distiller of Magnolia brand whiskey, was a patron of the arts in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he built Pike's Opera House. His father was a German-Jew, and his mother a Dutch-Christian. Alice Pike Barney's mother was of French descent. [Rodriguez, 1-10.] After the family moved New York City in 1866, he built what would become the Grand Opera House at Twenty-Third Street and Eighth Avenue. Barney was the youngest of four children and the only one who fully shared her father's cultural interests; as a child she showed talent as a singer and pianist. [cite book | last = Kling | first = Jean L. | title = Alice Pike Barney: Her Life and Art | publisher = Smithsonian Institution Press | date = 1994 | location = Washington, DC | pages = 23-44| id = ISBN 1-56098-344-2]

At age 17 she became engaged to the explorer Henry Morton Stanley. Alice's mother considered the match unsuitable due to the age difference -- she was seventeen, he thirty-three -- and insisted that they wait to marry. While he was away on a two-year expedition in Africa, she instead married Albert Clifford Barney, son of a wealthy manufacturer of railway cars in Dayton, Ohio. [Rodriguez, 15-22.]

In 1882 Barney and her family spent the summer at New York's Long Beach Hotel, where Oscar Wilde happened to be speaking on his American lecture tour. Wilde spent the day with Alice and her daughter Natalie on the beach; their conversation changed the course of Alice's life, inspiring her to pursue art seriously despite her husband's disapproval. [Rodriguez, 30-31.]

tudy of art

In 1887 she travelled to Paris to be nearer her two daughters while they attended "Les Ruches", a French boarding school founded by the feminist educator Marie Souvestre. While there, she studied painting with Carolus-Duran. She returned to Paris in 1896 -- bringing her daughter Laura to a French hospital for treatment of leg pain from a childhood injury -- and resumed her study with Carolus-Duran and took lessons from the Spanish painter Claudio Castelucho. When James MacNeill Whistler opened an "academie", she was one of the first students. Whistler soon lost interest in teaching art and the school shut down, but he was a formative influence. [Kling, 87-89, 107, 116-129.]

In 1899 she began a salon at her rented home on the Avenue Victor Hugo; regular guests included the Symbolist painters Lucien Lévy-Dhurmer, John White Alexander, and Edmond Aman-Jean, and her art began to show a Symbolist influence. [Kling, 131-132.]

When Natalie wrote a chapbook of French poetry, "Quelques Portraits-Sonnets de Femmes" ("Some Portrait-Sonnets of Women"), Barney was pleased to provide illustrations. She did not understand the implications of the book's love poems addressed to women and had no idea that three of the four women who modeled for her were her daughter's lovers. Albert, alerted to the book's theme by a newspaper review headlined "Sappho Sings in Washington", rushed to Paris, where he bought and destroyed the publisher's remaining stock and printing plates and insisted that Barney and Natalie return with him to the family's summer home in Bar Harbor, Maine. His temper only worsened when friends forwarded him clippings from the "Washington Mirror". Washington, about to publish its first Social Register, was becoming more socially stratified, and Barney's background as the daughter of a whiskey distiller and granddaughter of a Jewish immigrant had made her the subject of vague insinuations in the society pages. The gossip would have no lasting effect on the Barneys' social standing, but Albert considered it a disaster. His drinking increased, as did his blood pressure, and two months later he had a heart attack. [Kling, 136-149.] His health continued to deteriorate, and he died in 1902. [Kling, 173.]

Barney had solo shows at major galleries including the Corcoran Gallery of Art. [cite web | last = Haskell | first = Susan | authorlink = | coauthors = Zora Martin Felton | title = Record Unit 7473, Alice Pike Barney Papers, circa 1889-1995 | work = | publisher = Smithsonian Institution Archives | date = | url = http://siarchives.si.edu/findingaids/FARU7473.htm | format = | doi = | accessdate = 2006-09-03] In later years, she invented and patented mechanical devices, wrote and performed in several plays and an opera, [Rodriguez, 184.] and worked to promote the arts in Washington, D.C. Many of her paintings are now in the collection of the Smithsonian American Art Museum. [cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Alice Pike Barney: Biography | work = | publisher = Smithsonian American Art Museum | date = | url = http://americanart.si.edu/search/artist_bio.cfm?StartRow=1&ID=247&showtext=1#792 | format = | doi = | accessdate = 2006-09-03]

She converted to the Bahá'í Faith around 1900. [Rodriguez, 141.]

Later life

In 1911, at age 53, Barney married 23-year-old Christian Hemmick; their engagement resulted in worldwide press attention. They had divorced by 1920. [Rodriguez, 209-210, 236.]

ee also

*National Sylvan Theater

References

External links

* [http://americanart.si.edu/search/artist_bio.cfm?ID=247 Alice Pike Barney at the Smithsonian American Art Museum]

Persondata
NAME=Barney, Alice Pike
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
SHORT DESCRIPTION=Painter
DATE OF BIRTH=1857
PLACE OF BIRTH=Cincinnati, Ohio
DATE OF DEATH=1931
PLACE OF DEATH=Los Angeles, California