- Zhu Yi (Liang Dynasty)
Zhu Yi (朱异) (
483 -February 16 ,549 [ [http://www.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/kiwi1/luso.sh?lstype=2&dyna=%ABn%B1%E7&king=%AAZ%AB%D2&reign=%A4%D3%B2M&yy=3&ycanzi=&mm=1&dd=&dcanzi=%A9%B0%A5%D3 兩千年中西曆轉換 ] ] ),courtesy name Yanhe (彥和), was an official of the Chinese dynastyLiang Dynasty . He was greatly trusted by Emperor Wu in Emperor Wu's old age. He is often depicted by historians as corrupt and duplicitous, as well as a reason for Liang's downfall.Background
Zhu Yi's father Zhu Xuanzhi (朱選之) was known for his integrity, but was only a county
magistrate at the prime of his career.Zhu Yi himself, when young, became known for his knowledge of theConfucian classics ,history , andastrology . When he met Emperor Wu's ministerShen Yue , Shen was impressed by him, and although Zhu was not yet at the age of 24, which was generally required for junior Liang officials, Zhu was selected as an official at age 20, in503 . That year, he was selected to publicly pronounce Emperor Wu's commentaries on the "Xiao Jing " -- an honor for junior officials -- and from that point, he was repeatedly promoted. This was particularly the case after524 , when Zhu correctly judged that the rivalNorthern Wei 's general Yuan Faseng (元法僧) was truly surrendering his garrison ofPengcheng to Liang. That year, one of Emperor Wu's co-de facto prime ministers,Zhou She , died, and after Zhou's death Zhu became increasingly involved in drafting edicts for Emperor Wu and in making judgment in some important matters. He was described to be quick in his reactions, getting work done quickly. AfterXu Mian 's death in535 , Zhu becamede facto prime minister, although he never carried that title. By this point, Zhu was considered to be capable but corrupt, often accepting large bribes and then making recommendations to Emperor Wu based on those bribes. The historianSima Guang commented about Zhu in this manner in his "Zizhi Tongjian "::"Zhu was spectacular in his writing talent, and for his quick and proper reactions. He used all his effort to build up his reputation among the people. Zhu carefully served the emperor, and was good at flattering. He spent 30 years in power, and he was exceedingly corrupt, deceiving and covering the eyes of the emperor. The people of the entire empire, regardless of how far they were from the capital, hated him greatly. Zhu's garden, residence, favorite items, food, entertainment, and women were all best in the empire. Whenever he had a vacation and returned to his home, the streets were filled with the wagons of his guests." ["
Zizhi Tongjian ", vol. 158.]Descent
In
547 , theEastern Wei (a branchsuccessor state of Northern Wei) generalHou Jing , not willing to submit toGao Cheng , the son of the paramount generalGao Huan after Gao Huan's death, surrendered his domain -- 13 provinces forming the region between theHuai River and theYellow River -- to Liang. Emperor Wu initially hesitated at accepting Hou's defection, given his long-standing peace with Eastern Wei, but Zhu, seeing how deep in his heart Emperor Wu wanted more territory, greatly encouraged him to accept Hou. However, both Hou and the army Emperor Wu sent to support Hou, commanded by Emperor Wu's nephewXiao Yuanming the Marquess of Zhenyang, were defeated by the Eastern Wei general Murong Shaozong (慕容紹宗). Xiao Yuanming was captured by Murong, while Hou lost his entire territory. Emperor Wu made Hou the governor of Southern Yu Province (南豫州, modern centralAnhui ), but at Zhu's suggestion, entered into peace talks with Eastern Wei. Hou became apprehensive, and he paid a largebribe to Zhu to ask Zhu to stop the peace talks. Zhu accepted Hou's bribes but refused to intercede. At the same time, not taking Hou seriously, Zhu rejected warnings from Emperor Wu's nephew Xiao Fan (蕭範) the Prince of Poyang to prepare for a Hou rebellion. Soon, Hou was suspicious that he would be betrayed, and he forged a letter from Gao Cheng, offering to trade Xiao Yuanming for Hou. Emperor Wu, after Zhu convinced him that Hou posed no actual threat, accepted -- and when Hou saw this, he rebelled in548 , claiming that he was seeking to clear the court of evil officials -- Zhu, along with Xu Lin (徐麟), Lu Yan (陸驗), and Zhou Shizhen (周石珍). Even then, Zhu did not take Hou seriously, and when the general Yang Kan (羊侃) suggested blocking Hou's path to theYangtze River , Zhu advised against it, and Emperor Wu did not do so, allowing Hou to cross the Yangtze easily and put the capitalJiankang under siege.During the siege, Hou again repeatedly stated that he was only seeking to execute Zhu. When Emperor Wu asked his
crown prince Xiao Gang whether the crimes that Hou accused Zhu of were true, Xiao Gang indicated that they were true -- but subsequently spoke against Emperor Wu's thought of executing Zhu, arguing that doing so would only encourage Hou. Zhu was therefore spared, and subsequently participated in the city's defense, and he wrote letters to Hou trying to persuade Hou to lift the siege, to no avail. When Hou's general Fan Taobang (范桃棒) subsequently offered to defect and kill Hou, Zhu greatly advocated for the plan, but Xiao Gang suspected Fan's intentions and therefore did not act on the offer. (Hou subsequently discovered Fan's plan and executed him.)The people of the capital all believed that Hou's rebellion was stoked by Zhu's corruption. Zhu, in embarrassment and fear, became ill. He died in
549 , with the city still under siege. Emperor Wu, still believing in his faithfulness, buried him with honor.References
* "
Book of Liang ", vol. 38. [http://ef.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/ccw/02/lian5.htm]
* "History of Southern Dynasties ", vol. 62. [http://ef.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/ccw/02/ssh7.htm]
* "Zizhi Tongjian ", vols. 150, 153, 155, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162.
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