List of gemstone species

List of gemstone species

There are over 130 species of minerals that have been cut into gemstones with 50 species in common use. These include:
*Agate
*Alexandrite and other varieties of chrysoberyl
*Aquamarine and other varieties of beryl
*Chrysocolla
*Chrysoprase
*Diamond
*Emerald
*Feldspar (moonstone)
*Garnet
*Hematite
*Jade - jadeite and nephrite
*Jasper
*Kunzite
*Lapis lazuli
*Malachite
*Obsidian
*Olivine (Peridot)
*Opal (Girasol)
*Pyrite
*Quartz and its varieties
**Agate
**Amethyst (cardinal gem)
**Citrine
**Chalcedony (bloodstone)
**Tiger's-eye
*Ruby
*Sapphire
*Spinel
*Sugilite
*Tanzanite and other varieties of zoisite
*Topaz
*Turquoise
*Tourmaline
*Variscite
*Zircon

Minerals that infrequently occur in gem quality form:
*Andalusite
*Axinite
*Benitoite
*Bixbite (Red beryl)
*Cassiterite
*Clinohumite
*Iolite
*Onyx
*Kornerupine
*Natural moissanite
*Zeolite (Thomsonite)

Artificial or synthetic materials used as gems include:
*High-lead glass
*Synthetic corundum
*Synthetic cubic zirconia
*Synthetic spinel
*Synthetic moissanite

There are a number of organic materials used as gems, including:
*Amber
*Ammolite - from fossils formed from the shells of extinct ammonites.
*Bone
*Coral
*Ivory
*Jet (lignite)
*Nacre (Mother of pearl)
*Pearl


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