A-0 System

A-0 System

The A-0 system, written by Grace Hopper in 1951 and 1952 for the UNIVAC I, was the first compiler ever developed for an electronic computer. [Hopper "Keynote Address", Sammet pg. 12] The A-0 functioned more as a loader or linker than the modern notion of a compiler. A program was specified as a sequence of subroutines and arguments. The subroutines were identified by a numeric code and the arguments to the subroutines were written directly after each subroutine code. The A-0 system converted the specification into machine code that could be fed into the computer a second time to execute the program.

The A-0 system was followed by the A-1, A-2, A-3 (released as ARITH-MATIC), AT-3 (released as MATH-MATIC) and B-0 (released as FLOW-MATIC).

Notes

References

# cite conference |last=Hopper|first=Grace|title=The Education of a Computer|booktitle=Proceedings of the Association for Computing Machinery Conference (Pittsburgh) May 1952
# cite conference |last=Hopper|first=Grace|title=Automatic Coding for Digital Computers|booktitle=High Speed Computer Conference (Louisiana State University) February 1955|publisher=Remington Rand
#cite conference |last=Hopper|first=Grace|title=Keynote Address|booktitle=Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN History of Programming Languages (HOPL) conference
#cite conference |last=Ridgway|first=Richard E.|title=Compiling Routines|booktitle= Proceedings of the 1952 ACM national meeting (Toronto) ACM '52
#cite book | last = Sammet | first = Jean | title = Programming Languages: History and Fundamentals|publisher=Prentice-Hall|year=1969|pages=pg. 12


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