Whipworm

Whipworm

Taxobox
name = Whipworm


image_width = 200px
image_caption = Male Whipworm
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Nematoda
classis = Adenophorea
ordo = Trichurida
familia = Trichuridae
genus = "Trichuris"
species = "T. trichiura"
binomial = "Trichuris trichiura"
binomial_authority = (Linnaeus, 1771)

The human whipworm ("Trichuris trichiura or Trichocephalus trichiuris"), is a roundworm, which causes trichuriasis when it infects a human large intestine. The name "whipworm" refers to the shape of the worm; they look like whips with wider "handles" at the posterior end.

Infections

Symptoms include:
* Light infestations are frequently asymptomatic.
* Heavy infestations may have bloody diarrhea.
* Long-standing blood loss may lead to iron-deficiency anemia.
* Rectal prolapse is possible in severe cases.

Infection occurs through accidental ingestion of eggs (which are usually found in dry goods such as beans, rice, and various grains) and is commoner in warmer areas. The eggs hatch in the small intestine, and then move into the wall of the small intestine and develop. On reaching adulthood, the thinner end (the front of the worm) burrows into the large intestine and the thicker end hangs into the lumen and mates with nearby worms. The females can grow to 50 mm (2 inches) long. Neither the male nor the female has much of a visible tail past the anus.

Whipworm infestation is detectable by stool examination, which can detect eggs and charcot-leyden crystals. Mebendazole is 90% effective in the first dose, and albendazole may also be offered as an anti-parasitic agent. Adding iron to the bloodstream helps solve the iron deficiency and rectal prolapse.

Whipworm commonly infects patients also infected with "Giardia", "Entamoeba histolytica", "Ascaris lumbricoides", and hookworms.

Infection can be avoided by proper disposal of human feces, not eating dirt, and not eating crops fertilized with night soil.

Dog and cat whipworms

Whipworms develop when a dog swallows whipworm eggs, passed from an infected dog. Symptoms may include diarrhea, anemia, and dehydration. The dog whipworm ("Trichuris vulpis") is commonly found in the U.S. It is hard to detect at times, because the numbers of eggs shed are low, and they are shed in waves. Centrifugation is the preferred method. There are several preventives available by prescription from a veterinarian to prevent dogs from getting whipworm.

The cat whipworm is a rare parasite. In Europe it is mostly represented by "Trichuris campanula", and in North America it is "Trichuris serrata" more often. [ [http://www.veterinarypartner.com/Content.plx?P=A&A=1668 Whipworms - VeterinaryPartner.com - a VIN company! ] ] [cite journal |author=Hendrix CM, Blagburn BL, Lindsay DS |title=Whipworms and intestinal threadworms |journal=Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. |volume=17 |issue=6 |pages=1355–75 |year=1987 |pmid=3328393 |doi=] Whipworm eggs found in cats in North America must be differentiated from lungworms, and from mouse whipworm eggs just passing through.

Pig whipworms ("Trichuris suis") in treating other disorders

It has been suggested that a contributing cause of intestinal disorders is immune system reaction to the patient's own body, and that adding worms for the immune system to attack instead may alleviate the symptoms. In a preliminary study, "among 100 volunteers with Crohn's disease and 100 with ulcerative colitis, both of which are diseases classified under IBD [inflammatory bowel disease] , the remission rate was 70% and 50%, respectively" after ingesting eggs of the pig whipworm "Trichuris suis". [ [http://www.patienthealthinternational.com/archivenews/1689.aspx Parasitic worms may benefit IBD sufferers ] ] See Helminthic therapy.

ee also

*Worm
*Human parasitic diseases
*List of parasites (human)

References

External links

* [http://www.livescience.com/humanbiology/060610_worms.html Potential Disease Treatment: Swallow Some Worms]
* [http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20060609.worms0609/BNStory/specialScienceandHealth/home Globe and Mail: Sometimes having worms is good]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6727665.stm BBC article mentions the Iceman had Whipworm]


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Whipworm — Whip worm , n. [So called from its shape.] (Zo[ o]l.) A nematode worm ({Trichocephalus dispar}) often found parasitic in the human intestine. Its body is thickened posteriorly, but is very long and threadlike anteriorly. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • whipworm — [hwip′wʉrm΄, wip′wʉrm΄] n. any of a genus (Trichuris) of roundworms with a whiplike front portion, parasitic in the intestines of mammals: it is usually c. 5 cm ( c. 2 in) long …   English World dictionary

  • Whipworm — A nematode (roundworm) also called Trichuris trichiura. The third most common round worm of humans. The worm is found worldwide, with infections more frequent in areas with tropical weather and poor sanitation practices and among children. It is… …   Medical dictionary

  • whipworm — ˈ ̷ ̷ˌ ̷ ̷ noun Etymology: so called from its shape : a parasitic nematode worm (as the human whipworm [Trichuris trichiura]) of the family Trichuridae characterized by a body that is thickened posteriorly and is very long and slender anteriorly …   Useful english dictionary

  • whipworm — noun Date: 1875 a parasitic nematode worm (genus Trichuris) with a body that is thickened posteriorly and that is very long and slender anteriorly; especially one (T. trichiura) of the human intestine …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • whipworm — /hwip werrm , wip /, n. any of several parasitic nematodes of the genus Trichuris, having a long, slender, whiplike anterior end. [1870 75; WHIP + WORM] * * * ▪ parasite       any of certain worms of the genus Trichuris, phylum Nematoda,… …   Universalium

  • whipworm — noun A roundworm, causing trichuriasis when it infects a human large intestine …   Wiktionary

  • whipworm — n. parasitic worm which can infect the human intestines …   English contemporary dictionary

  • whipworm — noun a parasitic nematode worm with a slender anterior part, especially one that infests the intestines of domestic animals. [Genus Trichuris.] …   English new terms dictionary

  • whipworm — n. a small parasitic whiplike nematode worm, Trichuris trichiura (Trichocephalus dispar), that lives in the large intestine. Eggs are passed out of the body with the faeces and human infection (see trichuriasis) results from the consumption of… …   The new mediacal dictionary

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