By-product

By-product

A by-product is a secondary or incidental product deriving from a manufacturing process, a chemical reaction or a biochemical pathway, and is not the primary product or service being produced. A by-product can be useful and marketable, or it can have negative ecological impact.

Major by-products

Animal sources

*dried blood and blood meal - from slaughterhouse operations
*chicken by-product meal - clean parts of the carcass of slaughtered chicken, such as necks, feet, undeveloped eggs, and intestines.
*chrome shavings - from a stage of leather manufacture
*collagen and gelatin - from the boiled skin and other parts of slaughtered livestock
*feathers - from poultry processing
*lanolin - from the cleaning of wool
*manure - from animal husbandry
*meat and bone meal - from the rendering of animal bones and offal
*poultry byproduct and poultry meal - made from unmarketable poultry bones and offal
*poultry litter - swept from the floors of chicken coops
*whey - from cheese manufacturing
*fetal pigs

Vegetation

*acidulated soap stock - from the refining of vegetable oil
*bran and germ - from the milling of whole grains into refined grains
*brewer's yeast - from ethanol fermentation
*corn stover - residual plant matter after harvesting of cereals
*distillers grains - from ethanol fermentation
*glycerol - from the production of biodiesel
*grape seed oil - recovered from leftovers of the winemaking process
*molasses - from sugar refining
*orange oil and other citrus oils - recovered from the peels of processed fruit
*pectin - recovered from the remains of processed fruit
*sawdust and bark- from the processing of logs into lumber
*straw- from grain harvesting

Minerals and petro chemicals

*asphalt - from the refining of crude oil
*fly ash - from the combustion of coal
*slag - from ore refining
*gypsum - from Flue gas desulfurization
*ash and smoke - from the combustion of fuel
*mineral oil - from refining crude oil to produce gasoline
*salt - from desalination

Other

*sludge - from wastewater treatment

ee also

*By-product synergy


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