Barney Balaban

Barney Balaban (June 8, 1887-March 7,1971), was president of Paramount Pictures from 1936 to 1964, and innovator in the cinema industry. The eldest of the seven sons of grocery store owner Israel Balaban, Barney worked as a messenger boy and a cold storage company employee until 1908, when he was persuaded, at age 21, to go into the cinema business. According to a 1945 article in "Forbes" magazine, his mother came home from her first picture show and commented, "The customers pay before they even see what they're paying for! There'll be money in that business." [ "Forbes", February 1, 1945, cited in "Current Biography 1946", p26 ] .

Balaban and his younger brothers worked at a Chicago cinema until 1908, when five of the brothers purchased the 100-seat Kedzie Theater, for $68.20 [ "Current Biography 1946", p26 ] . From there, Balaban's innovations changed the industry. In 1910, Balaban built the Circle Theatre, the first cinema to have a balcony. When his sister married Sam Katz, the two in-laws made plans for a chain of cinemas in the Midwest, the Balaban and Katz Theatre Chain.

The first link in the chain, the Central park Theatre in Chicago, opened in 1917. Balaban, drawing upon his earlier work in cold storage, set about to create the first air-conditioned movie theater. His first theater cooling system combined a large fan blowing over cakes of ice in a washtub. Not only was the system noisy, it occasionally blew a shower of water onto the patrons [ Id. ] . Balaban enlisted the aid of an engineer friend to create a workable system, and crowds began to go to the movies to escape the heat during the summer months, making motion picture exhibition a year-round business.

The Balaban and Katz chain (B & K) incorporated in 1923 and was purchased in 1926 by Paramount in exchange for thirteen million dollars in Paramount stock. On July 2, 1936, Paramount's directors elected Balaban as president of the studio. As president, Balaban had the philosophy that Paramount had a responsibility "to explain America, its customs, and its people, to the world". Balaban, the son of Russian emigrants who had lived the American Dream, purchased one of the 14 original copies of the Bill of Rights from A.S.W. Rosenbach and, in 1945, donated it to the Library of Congress "as an expression of gratitude for the freedom his parents found in this country". [ "Original Copy of Bill of Rights Presented to Library," "Mason City (Ia.) Globe-Gazette", February 21, 1945, p3 ]

Balaban continued as president of Paramount Pictures until 1964. The Balaban and Katz trademark is the property of the Balaban and Katz Historical Foundation. He was the uncle of actor Bob Balaban.

References

External links

* [http://www.balabanandkatzfoundation.com Balaban and Katz Historical Foundation]