William Phillips (British Army officer)

Infobox Military Person
name=Major-General William Phillips


caption=
born=1731
died=13 May 1781
placeofbirth=England
placeofdeath=Petersburg, Virginia, USA
allegiance=Great Britain
branch=British Army (Artillery)
serviceyears=1747-1781
rank=Major-General
battles=Battle of Minden, Seven Years War, American Revolution (Valcour Island, Saratoga)
awards=
relations=

William Phillips (1731 - 1781) was a renowned artilleryman and general officer in the British Army who served as a major-general in the American Revolutionary War.

Early career

Phillips entered the academy at Woolwich and eventually joined the Royal Artillery. His service at the Battle of Minden led to a reputation as an excellent officer. By the time of the American Revolution, he had risen to the rank of colonel in the British Army. He served as the Commander of Artillery at Woolwich and Lieutenant Governor of Windsor Castle, and was eventually elected as MP for Borough-Bridge.

American Revolutionary War years

Phillips was promoted to the rank of Major-General and sent to Quebec in 1776, along with his friend General Henry Clinton and General John Burgoyne, to be the commander of all artillery in Canada. Governor Sir Guy Carleton put him in charge of the shipyard at St. John's where, along with Captain Sir Charles Douglas, he supervised the building of the small fleet of ships that fought the Americans under Benedict Arnold at the Battle of Valcour Island. He later took part in the recapture of Fort Ticonderoga, where he stated, "Where a goat can go, a man can go. And where a man can go, he can drag a gun."

As part of Burgoyne's army, he was captured at Saratoga in 1777. He is depicted in the painting of the "Surrender of General Burgoyne" at Saratoga by John Trumbull. [ [http://www.aoc.gov/cc/art/rotunda/surrender_burgoyne.cfm Surrender of General Burgoyne ] ] [citeweb |title=Key to the Surrender of General Burgoyne |url=http://americanrevolution.org/burgkey.html|accessdate=2008-01-20] He was then a part of the Convention Army until he was exchanged for American General Benjamin Lincoln in 1780. While a prisoner in Virginia, he was one of the British officers who was entertained at the home of Thomas Jefferson. After the exchange he was able to fight once again, and was sent by Clinton from New York to meet up with Brigadier General Benedict Arnold (who was now on the British side) in Virginia.

While on his way to link up with General Cornwallis, he contracted either typhus or malaria, and became so ill that Arnold had to lead his men. He died on 13 May, 1781 at Petersburg, Virginia, just a week before Yorktown, and was buried there near Blanford Church.

References

* "The American Revolution, Garrison Life in French Canada and New York: Journal of an Officer in the Prinz Friedrich Regiment, 1776-1783", translated by Helga Doblin (1993)
* Davis, Robert P., "Where a Man Can Go: Major General William Phillips, British Royal Artillery, 1731-1781" (1999)
* Nelson, Paul David, "General Sir Guy Carleton, Lord Dorchester" (2000)
* Pearson, Michael, "Those Damned Rebels: The American Revolution as Seen Through British Eyes" (1972)

Footnotes

External links

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