John Richards Lapenotière

Infobox Military Person
name= John Richards Lapenotière
born=1770
died=January 19 1834
placeofbirth=Ilfracombe, Devon, England
placeofdeath= Roseland, Cornwall, England


caption=
nickname=
allegiance= flagicon|United Kingdom United Kingdom
serviceyears= 1780 - 1811
rank= Royal Navy Post Captain
branch=
commands=
unit=
battles= Battle of Trafalgar, 1805 Battle of Copenhagen, 1807
awards=
laterwork= Captain John Richards Lapenotière (1770–19 January, 1834) was a British Royal Navy officer who, as a lieutenant commanding the tiny Bermuda sloop HMS "Pickle", observed the Battle of Trafalgar on the 21 October 1805, participated in the rescue operations which followed it and then carried the dispatches of the victory and the death of Admiral Nelson to Britain. Throughout his career, Lapenotière received much acclaim for his daring seamanship and aggressive tactics but, like so many others, was left without a ship at the end of the Napoleonic Wars and retired.

Early life

Born in 1770 in Ilfracombe, Devon to a Huguenot exile family that came to Britain in 1688 with William of Orange, he came from a military family: His great grandfather, Frederick La Penotiere, served in the Royal Irish Regiment in the campaigns of the Duke of Marlborough in the War of the Spanish Succession and received a bounty for his service at the Battle of Blenheim, in 1704.

ervice career

John followed his father, Frederick, into naval service, joining his father’s ship unofficially, at just ten years old. At fifteen he enlisted with Nathaniel Portlock on a commercial expedition to what is now Alaska and the Canadian Pacific coast (then a bare and savage coast), where he learned the principles of seamanship in difficult climates and the handling of small ships, which was very advantageous to him, given that he spent most of his career in such craft. After a period of service as a midshipman in the Royal Navy, Lapenotière again took a leave of absence, to accompany Portlock and William Bligh on a breadfruit expedition to the South Pacific, to replace those plants lost following the Mutiny on the Bounty.

Returning in time for service in the French Revolutionary War, Lapenotière travelled to the West Indies in the fleet under John Jervis in HMS "Margarita", being briefly appointed lieutenant into HMS "Boyne" before his superior knowledge of seamanship earned him an independent command in the schooner HMS "Berbice". In 1796 he was transferred into the frigate HMS "Resource" and from there into four other ships, each of them without event or action. By 1800, he had yet to spend a full year in any ship but was given the small cutter "Joseph", as a reward for his patience, and he distinguished himself in small boat actions on the French coast, prior to the Peace of Amiens, when he found himself on the beach for the first long stretch of time since 1779. During this period ashore, he married Lucia Shean, with whom he had three daughters.

His efforts had not gone unnoticed, however and, when war broke out again, he was given the 10 gun schooner HMS "Pickle" [ 1802 ] , in which he again terrorised the French coastline, earning accolades for saving the crew of the ship of the line HMS "Magnificent", which was wrecked off Ushant in 1804. He was widowed during this period but soon remarried to Mary Anne Graves and had a further seven children, two of whom later became naval officers themselves. He was subsequently attached to Nelson’s fleet, blockading off Cadiz and helping to feed the fleet by capturing Spanish and Portuguese livestock and grain transports.

Battle of Trafalgar

"Pickle" was much too small to serve an active role in the Battle of Trafalgar, which culminated the campaign on the 21 October, 1805 but her assistance was invaluable during the difficult and dangerous task, which arose during the ensuing storm. Lapenotière’s ship was engaged in rescuing survivors from the water, taking men off sinking ships over the next week and even towing damaged hulks in an effort to rescue them from the waves. On the 26 October, in recognition of his achievements, Admiral Collingwood sent "Pickle" to Britain with the dispatches telling of the great victory. This was a signal honour for any junior officer, since it almost guaranteed promotion and fame and some of the other junior officers later expressed anger at the seeming preferment of Lapenotière.

Arriving in the English Channel on the 1 November, Lapenotière realised that the wind was so strong it would prevent him from making landfall further down the Channel and so landed at Falmouth. He then took an exhausting series of mail coaches and horses overland to London, where he arrived on the 6 November [ To this day, the Royal Navy Holds "Pickle Night" dinners, on or near 6 November, to honour this event ] , after a journey of about 271 miles and involving twenty-one changes of horses, to give his despatches to William Marsden [ With the simple words, “Sir, we have gained a great victory. But we have lost Lord Nelson.” ] , Secretary of the Navy, who then spread the news of the victory and Nelson’s death. As was expected, Lapenotière was greatly rewarded for his feat, being promoted to Commander, receiving a sword from the Patriotic Fund and £500 in cash. He was also give a silver spice sprinkler by King George III. The sprinkler is now owned by the mayor's office in Liskeard. "Pickle Night", the story of Lapenotiere's return with the news of Trafalgar and Nelson, is celebrated annually in many a Royal Navy Senior Rates Mess in early November. He was subsequently given the command of the 16-gun HMS "Orestes" and participated in the bombardment of Copenhagen in 1807, where he was badly wounded by an exploding gun.

The next four years of sea service was spent sailing the "Orestes" from Plymouth, where he took two privateers (one French, one American) and a rich American merchant ship. In 1811, he received promotion to Post Captain but was unable to secure a ship and spent the remainder of the war on shore duties. He never captained a ship again, settling in Menheniot near Liskeard,in Cornwall with his family, dying peacefully in 1834. He was buried next to his second wife in the churchyard at Menheniot.

Further reading

*"The Trafalgar Captains", Colin White and the 1805 Club, Chatham Publishing, London, 2005, ISBN 186176247X

References

External links

* [http://www.seabritain2005.com/server.php?show=ConWebDoc.862 John Richard Lapenotière]
* [http://www.nmm.ac.uk/searchbin/searchs.pl?flashy=et1740z&flash=true Animation of the Battle of Trafalgar]