James Bowman Lindsay

James Bowman Lindsay (September 8 1799 - June 29 1862) was a Scottish inventor and author. He is credited with early developments in several fields, such as incandescent lighting and telegraphy.

Life and work

James Bowman Lindsay was born in Cotton of West Hills, Carmyllie near Arbroath in Angus, Scotland, son of John Lindsay, farm worker, and Elizabeth Bowman. Educated at St. Andrews University.

Among his technological innovations, which which were not developed until long after his death, are the electric light bulb, submarine telegraphy and arc welding. Unfortunately, his claims are not well documented. In July 1835, Lindsay demonstrated a constant electric light at a public meeting in Dundee, Scotland. He stated that he could "read a book at a distance of one and a half feet". [Dundee, Perth & Cupar Advertiser, October 30, 1835]

James Lindsay was buried in the Western Cemetery, Dundee. [For a photo of his grave, see cite web | title = Western Cemetery - Dundee, Scotland | url = http://freepages.folklore.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~bldr/western4.html | access-date = 2008-06-22] In 1901 a monument, in the form of an obelisk, was erected by public subscription, at his grave. He never married.

Obituary

An obituary from "The British Millennial Harbinger", page 292, Aug 1, 1862 provides more information:

: "Departed this life, Lord's day, June 29, 1862 at his residence in South Union Street, Dundee, Mr. J. B. Lindsay. Some of our readers will remember a recent review of a critical and learned "Treatise on the Mode and Subjects of Baptism" [cite book |author = Lindsay, James Bowman | title = The British Millennial Harbinger | year = 1861 | publisher = Arthur Hall and Company | location = London | pages = 353 – 355 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=cQ4EAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA3-PA353&lpg=RA3-PA353&dq=lindsay+British+Millennial+Harbinger&source=web&ots=Rd-Pg4ITdQ&sig=0nHgKqof83LRXPsmDUOor1qoKdg&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=2&ct=result#PRA3-PA353,M1 | access-date = 2008-06-23] which Mr. Lindsay had then just published. On a recent visit to Dundee we had an interesting conversation with the author upon more advanced truths, and a brief inspection of his great and still incomplete work - a Dictionary of 53 Languages, upon which he has labored closely since 1828. He commenced with 150 languages, but in time concluded that three lives would be requisite to its completion and therefore reduced the number. When we saw it, he deemed himself able, if spared, to finish the work within one year. His treatise upon baptism is the work of a scholar, and places before the reader that exhaustive proof that immersion is the one and only action commanded by the Saviour which can only be reached as the result of complete classical research. Recently the author put on the Lord in baptism and cast his lot with brethren who continue steadfastly observing the order of the Lord's house. He was born at Carmullie, in 1799, and commenced life by an apprenticeship to the loom, although at times he would leave his sedentary occupation for the more agreeable one of the plough. By deep application, and by constantly snatching the leisure moments which might present themselves for reading, he acquired considerable knowledge, and began to aspire to a university education, which he obtained at St. Andrews. The study of languages, as well as more abstruse scientific subjects, occupied the chief part of his attention, and to which he applied himself with all his native love of learning. In 1841 he was appointed teacher at the Dundee prison, which appointment he held till he resigned it in 1858. During the whole of this time he scarcely ever moved from his house, except to the prison and back, and the result of a portion of his labors was discovered to his friends in conversations and experiments relating to electrical phenomena, which revealed to them the fact that, alone and unaided - from the sheer force of his genius - he had discovered as early, if not earlier, than Morse or Wheatstone, the principles of the present system of electric telegraphy. Immediately after the public adoption of the present system of land-telegraphy, Mr. Lindsay directed his attention to the sending of messages across water by means of insulated wires, and succeeded - after several trials on ponds and sheets of water in the neighborhood - in establishing on a sure basis the principles of electric communication by means of insulated submerged wires.

: Nor did he stop here - his searching experiments inspired him with the hope of transmitting messages across rivers and seas without the aid of wires, and he so far perfected his invention as to transmit currents across several small pieces of water - the last occasion on which he publicly experimented with this invention being in Portsmouth, about two years ago, when he was highly successful and the results afforded great satisfaction to the scientific gentlemen who assisted. He directed almost every penny he could spare, after procuring the bare necessaries of existence, to the acquisition of philological, as well as scientific and philosophical tomes - and with an income that never till the last few years, we believe, exceeding £50, collected a library of rare and profound works, valued, by competent judges at from £1300 to £1500. At several times however, he was assisted by friends who took an interest in his efforts, and chief among these the present Lord Lindsay. The last gift from this nobleman was a splendid copy of the works of Confucius, in the original, which is said to be the only complete copy of the works of that philosopher in Great Britain.

: Mr. Lindsay's attention was originally riveted on philological studies, owing to doubts which he entertained as to the authenticity of Scripture history - more especially as regarded the origin of the human race from one primal pair: but the more he studied the different languages dead and extant, the more his doubts gave way, and the stronger did his convictions of the truth of the literal exactness of the Scripture statements on this subject become.

: Mr. Lindsay also published what may be called a prelude to the great work to which he has devoted his life - viz.: "The Pentecontaglossal Paternoster," being the Lord's prayer in fifty languages.

: The little time we spent with Mr. Lindsay was enough to enable us to know that profound study had not turned either his head or heart from Christ. He was looking unto Jesus and there is every reason to hope that he will receive a crown of rejoicing at the coming of the Lord."

References

Further reading

* - The third edition is [http://books.google.com/books?id=WE41AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=A+History+of+Wireless+Telegraphy#PPR3,M2 here] .

External links

* [http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/centlib/jbl/james.htm Biography at Dundee City Council web site (with portrait, lecture transcripts, chronology etc)]

* [http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~nph126/selected.php?id=48 Brief biographical information]

* [http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/scotgaz/people/famousfirst322.html Gazetteer for Scotland]