Francisco Giner de los Ríos

Francisco Giner de los Ríos (October 10, 1839 in Ronda, Spain – February 17, 1915 in Madrid) was a philosopher, educator and one of the most influential Spanish intellectuals at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20ieth century.

He studied philosophy in Barcelona and Granada and eventually became professor of the philosophy of law and of international law at the University of Madrid. He was strongly influenced by the ideas of the Kantian German philosopher Karl Christian Friedrich Krause (as imported into Spain by Julián Sanz del Rio and became an important exponent of "Krauseanism" in Spain. He openly critizised the government for its attempts to stifle academic freedom. As a consequence, in 1875, he lost his chair at the university. This in turn led to what can be seen as his major achievement: the foundation, in 1876, of the "Institución Libre de Enseñanza" (Institute of free teaching), a private school of higher learning. In this context, he dedicated his life to the formation of human beings along the following lines: coeducation; rationalism; freedom of teaching and research; freedom of literary communication etcetera. The goal was a society where free citizens would be governed by free citizens on the basis of an adequate education. Because of his "rational realist" approach to law, he can also be seen as one of the forerunners of the sociology of law. Giner continued his work outside the university, even after being reinstated in his university chair in 1881. Among the many important people that were at one time or another associated with the "Institución Libre de Enseñanca" and the related "Residencia de Estudiantes" (student residence) were: José Ortega y Gasset, Federico Garcia Lorca, Salvador Dalí, Antonio Machado, Luis Buñuel and Miguel de Unamuno.

English language literature on Giner

* Solomon Lipp: Francisco Giner de los Ríos. A Spanish Scholar. Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfried Laurier 1985.
* J.B. Trend: The Origins of Modern Spain. New York: The Macmillan Company 1934.

For more details and publications go to the Spanish Wikipedia.