- Alexander Osmerkin
Alexander Alexandrovich Osmerkin ( _ru. Александр Александрович Осмеркин; OldStyleDate|8 December|1892|26 November -
June 25 1953 ) was aRussia n painter, graphic artist andstage designer . He was a member of the Knave of Diamonds avant-garde group,AKhRR , and "Society of Moscow Artists" (OMKh) groups.Biography
Childhood
Alexander Osmerkin was born in
Elisavetgrad (now Kirovohrad,Ukraine ) into the family of a post-office clerk. Young Osmerkin was raised by his Ukrainian nanny, who eventually stayed with him through the rest of his life as his personal assistant. He took his first art lessons at the drawing department at Elisavetgrad Regional Professional School under aPeredvizhnik painterFeodosy Kozachinskiy .Artistic development
In 1911-1913 Alexander Osmerkin moved to Kiev to continye his education in art. He attended classes at
Kiev Professional School of Art. In Kiev he metAlexandra Exter and other avant-garde artists, who cast influenced on his vision and style. Although he citedPaul Cezanne as his main influence, Osmerkin absorbed from many sources and styles, before he created his own. He turned toFauvism after seeing works ofHenry Matisse andAndre Derain and other Fauvists. He visited St. Petersburg several times to study art at museums, and also made numerous landscapes in his own manner blending classical St. Petersburg cityscapes with his Fauvist touch. Eventually he settled inMoscow and joinedIlya Mashkov artistic studio. He followed his teacher and became the youngest artist in "The Jack of Diamond" group.After Revolution
Since 1918 Osmerkin worked as a Professor of Art, first in
VKhUTEMAS in Moscow. At first he taught alongsideVassili Kandinsky , until the latter emigrated. Then Osmerkin opened his own workshop and also taught at theSurikov Institute of Fine Arts inMoscow . There his circle included such names as poetOsip Mandelstam , writersOsip Brik andViktor Shklovsky , as well as his fellow artists from the "Bubnovy Valet" group.Leningrad
During the 1920s and 1930s Osmerkin lived and worked in
Leningrad . There, upon invitation formIsaac Brodsky , he taught at his master's workshop at the Leningrad Academy of Arts onVasilevsky Island . In 1927 his canvas "Red Guards at the Winter Palace" ( _ru. Красная гвардия в Зимнем дворце), also known as "Takeover of the Winter Palace" ( _ru. Взятие Зимнего) was acquired for the permanent collection of the State Russian Museum in Leningrad. In 1927 Osmerkin took part in the major art show at theState Russian Museum , where his works were exhibited alongside the works ofMarc Chagall ,David Burlyuk ,Natalia Goncharova ,Mikhail Larionov ,Vasili Kandinsky ,Robert Falk ,Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin ,Pyotr Konchalovsky and other masters of Russian art. At that time Osmerkin moved forward with his style, because the peak of avant-garde movements was over right after the revolution, and some trends were losing their novelty, so he embraced a classic and more traditional system of figurative and plastic imagery. He was also able to show his works at the Leningrad Academy of Arts, as well as at Union of Leningrad Artists, he also showed his works at the Leningrad Writers Club, with the help of his friends. In 1937 he made stage design forPushkin s play "Mozart and Salieri " atBolshoi DramaTheatre . Osmerkin had a number of talented students in Leningrad, such asElena Skuine ,Aleksei Eremin ,Gleb Savinov ,Olga Bogaevskaya ,V. Savitsky ,Evsei Moiseenko and other artists.Under Stalin
Osmerkin, as a highly original artist who contributed to development of the
Russian avant-garde , was doomed to suffer from the Soviet officialdom under dictatorship ofJoseph Stalin . He saw the destruction of cultural environment, private art collections, museums and libraries. Osmerkin survived the first wave of massive extermination of Russian intellectuals. He was emotionally devastated by the arrest and execution of his friendOsip Mandelstam . During the 1940s and 1950s Osmerkin enjoyed a continuous friendship with poetAnna Akhmatova .In 1946, the Soviet Communist Party started attacks on intellectuals and creative artists. Along with other victims of
Stalin s dictatorship, such asAnna Akhmatova andMikhail Zoshchenko , Osmerkin was accused offormalism , and spreading western influence toSoviet art. He was banned from teaching and exhibiting his works, so he was left without any income. During his last years, Osmerkin was completely cut off from the Soviet public life and became anunderground artist , who expressed himself in painting. He died on25 June 1953 while working on a landscape painting near Moscow. Alexander Osmerkin was interred inVagankovo Cemetery in Moscow.Heritage
Alexander Osmerkin created over 700 works of art in a variety of genres. His paintings and drawings may be found at the
Tretyakov Gallery andMuseum of Fine Arts in Moscow, as wellas atState Russian Museum in St. Petersburg and many other museums internationally.Works
As all of the Jacks of Diamonds he consider himself a
Cezanne -ist. He also was influenced byfauvism andcubism . Later, not unlike another Jack of Diamonds,Robert Falk he was inspired with the experiments with the colors. Later in his life he became a neo-impressionist.Osmerkin's successes were mostly connected with chamber landscapes, still-lifes and portraits. He also provided some
Socialist Realism paintings like portraits ofStakhanovite s or "Taking theWinter Palace "References
* [http://www.region.in.ua/elisavet/osm02_e.html Osmerkin Museum]
* [http://www.elysium.ru/painter.asp?path=3ba34bb0bc79458aa557425b5e87a8af-6edbd97768d444ad80a43e08e4445e2b&page= Biography]
* [http://cray.onego.ru/~solvio/gostinaya/albom/osmerkin/osmerkin_bio.html Biography] ru icon
* [http://www.crossroads.com.ua/articles/2004/33/737.php E.K. Osmerkina-Galperina "Osmerkin" (Таким был Осмеркин)] ru icon
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