List of Austrian Jews

Austria first became a center of Jewish learning during the 13th century. However, increasing anti-semitism led to the expulsion of the Jews in 1669. Following formal readmission in 1848, a sizable Jewish community developed once again, contributing strongly to Austrian culture. By the 1930s, some 300,000 Jews lived in Austria, most of them in Vienna. Following the Anschluss with Nazi Germany, most of the community emigrated or were killed in the Holocaust. The current Austrian Jewish population is around 10,000.Fact|date=December 2007 The following is a list of some prominent Austrian Jews.Here German speaking Jews from the whole Habsburg Empire are listed.

Historical figures

Politicians

* Max Adler (1873–1937), Austrian social-marxist philosopher
* Viktor Adler, Austrian Socialist leader
* Otto Bauer, Austrian Socialist leader Republikanischer Schutzbund
* Julius Deutsch, Founder and chairman of the paramilitary organization "Republikanischer Schutzbund"
* Rudolf Hilferding, German Finance Minister
* Walter Hollitscher, Austrian Marxist philosopher (1911-1988)
* Teddy Kollek, Mayor of Jerusalem (1965-1993)
* Bruno Kreisky, Austrian Chancellor (1970-1983)
* Ignaz Kuranda, politician [ [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=452&letter=K] Accessed 8 Feb 2007.]
* Dorrit Moussaieff, First Lady of Iceland (Austrian Jewish mother)

Other

* Friedrich Adler (1879-1960), son of Viktor Adler assassin of Count Karl von Stürgkh
* Nathan Birnbaum, early Zionist
* David Josef Bach, important and influential figure in the cultural life
* Adolf Fischhof, leader in Viennese revolution of 1848
* Felix Frankfurter, US judge & civil rights activist
* Alfred Fried, pacifist, Nobel Peace Prize (1911)
* Theodor Herzl, Zionist leader
* Emil Jellinek, automobile entrepreneur
* Joachim Edler von Popper, court Jew
* Samuel Oppenheimer, court Jew
* Felix G. Rohatyn, New York financer
* Felix Weltsch, 1884-1964, Zionist, journalist, philosopher
* Samson Wertheimer, court Jew
* Simon Wiesenthal, Nazi-hunter

Academic figures

cientists

* Robert Adler, physicist
* Hermann Bondi, cosmologist
* Eugene Braunwald, cardiologist
* Erwin Chargaff, chemist
* Carl Djerassi, chemist: first oral contraceptive pill
* Paul Ehrenfest, physicist
* Albert Einhorn, biochemist: Novocaine
* Walter Feit, mathematician
* Sir Otto Frankel, geneticist [http://www.science.org.au/scientists/of.htm]
* Otto Frisch, physicist
* Thomas Gold, cosmologist (Jewish father)
* Hans Hahn, mathematician
* Kurt J. Isselbacher, physician, oncologist
* Eric Kandel, neuroscientist, Nobel Prize (2000)
* Martin Karplus, chemist
* Walter Kohn, physicist, Nobel Prize (1998)
* Carl Koller, ophthalmologist; first to use cocaine as an anaesthetic [http://www.cocaine.org/karl-koller/life.html]
* Rudolf Kompfner, invented traveling wave tube
* Hans Kronberger (physicist), nuclear physicist [Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Linz, Austria, of Jewish parents"]
* Karl Landsteiner, biologist: blood groups, Nobel Prize (1930)
* Adolf Lieben, chemist
* Robert von Lieben, physicist (Jewish father) [http://www.geocities.com/neveyaakov/electro_science/lieben.html]
* Herman F. Mark, chemist: polymers (Jewish father)
* Lise Meitner, physicist: nuclear fission
* Gustav Nossal, immunologist (Jewish father)
* Friedrich Paneth, chemist
* Wolfgang Pauli, physicist, Nobel Prize (1945) (three-fourths Jewish)
* Max Perutz, molecular biologist, Nobel Prize (1962)
* Isidor Isaac Rabi, physicist, Nobel Prize (1944)
* Victor Frederick Weisskopf (1908 - 2002) physicist. During World War II, he worked at Los Alamos on the Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb, and later campaigned against the proliferation of nuclear weapons [ [http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/biomems/vweisskopf.html] "Growing up in Vienna in a well-to-do Jewish family..." [http://education.guardian.co.uk/obituary/story/0,12212,750171,00.html] "One of the most brilliant Jewish scientists to be driven from Germany by Nazi persecution..."]

Psychologists and psychiatrists

* Alexandra Adler, post-traumatic stress
* Alfred Adler, founder of individual psychology
* Leo Alexander, medical expert at the Nuremberg Trials
* Ernst Angel, psychology and writer
* Bruno Bettelheim, child psychology
* Josef Breuer, forerunner of psychoanalysis
* Anna Freud, child psychoanalysis
* Sigmund Freud, founder of psychoanalysis
* Viktor Frankl, founder of logotherapy
* Marie Jahoda, psychologist [http://www3.niu.edu/acad/psych/Millis/History/2003/womeninpsych_6.htm]
* Leo Kanner, child psychiatry
* Melanie Klein, psychotherapy [Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Vienna of Jewish parentage"]
* Heinz Kohut, psychoanalysis
* Sophie Lazarsfeld individualpsychologist, student of Alfred Adler, mother of Paul Felix Lazarsfeld
* Walter Mischel, experimental psychology
* Jacob L. Moreno, developer of psychodrama
* Otto Rank, psychoanalysis
* Wilhelm Reich, psychiatry and psychoanalysis [Gay, Miriam. "Reich, Wilhelm." Encyclopaedia Judaica. Eds. Michael Berenbaum and Fred Skolnik. Vol. 17. 2nd ed. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2007. 198-199. 22 vols. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Thomson Gale.]
* Theodor Reik, psychoanalysis
* Max Wertheimer, one of the founders of Gestalt psychology, born in Prague.

ocial and political scientists

* Samuel Bergman, philosopher [ [http://www.jafi.org.il/education/100/people/BIOS/bergman.html Jewish Agency for Israel] ; [http://www.jewishgen.org/AustriaCzech/hugo.html The Hugo Bergmann family Papers] ; both accessed 11 March 2007]
* Gustav Bergmann, philosopher
* Peter Blau, sociologist
* Paul Edwards, philosopher ^{[http://wasm.us/Edwards%20Obit.pdf]}
* Eugen Ehrlich, sociology of law
* Herbert Feigl, philosopher
* Philipp Frank, philosopher
* Paul Frankl, art historian
* Heinrich Friedjung, Moravian historian and politician. ( [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9000270/Heinrich-Friedjung] ; Encyclopedia Judaica, article "Historians", list of "Prominent Jewish General Historians".)
* Heinrich Gomperz, philosopher
* Theodor Gomperz, philosopher
* Theodor Hertzka, writer of Freiland
* Raul Hilberg (1926-2007), Holocaust historian
* Ivan Illich, polymath (Jewish mother)
* Norbert Jokl, founder of Albanology [Biography of Ernest Koliqi, [http://www.shkoder.net/en/ekoliqi.htm Shkoder.net Authors from Shkodra] : "Norbert Jokl (1877-1942), the renowned Austrian Albanologist of Jewish origin" Accessed 8 Dec 2006.]
* Hans Kelsen, legal philosopher
* Nachman Krochmal, Jewish philosopher
* Otto Kurz, historian (Jewish Year Book 1975 p214)
* Paul Felix Lazarsfeld, sociologist
* Emil Lederer, economist [ [http://www.jinfo.org/Economists.html JInfo list of economists] accessed 17 May 2007]
* Gerda Lerner, American feminist historian
* Robert Lowie, anthropologist
* Ludwig von Mises, economist
* Otto Neurath, sociologist (Jewish father)
* Julius Pokorny, scholar of Irish Gaelic
* Karl Popper, philosopher of science
* Egon Ranshofen-Wertheimer, diplomat, journalist, political scientist
* Alfred Schutz, sociologist
* Otto Weininger, philosopher
* Felix Weltsch, Jewish writer, philosopher, journalist, Zionist
* Ludwig Wittgenstein, philosopher [Jewish Chronicle, April 27, 2001 p.34: "he believed that, as a Jew, he was capable of only derivative thought."] [Evening Standard (London), 24/5/2004, p15: "Born less than a week apart, Adolf Hitler and the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein attended the institution together. There is a haunting school photograph of the young, complex, Jewish philosopher just one row away from the most evil tyrant of the 20th century."] (born and raised Catholic)
* Eric Wolf, anthropologist

Cultural figures

Film and stage

* Leon Askin, actor
* John Banner, actor
* Theodore Bikel, actor
* Leo Birinski, playwright, screenwriter and director
* Elisabeth Bergner, stage actress
*Rudolph Bing (1902 - 1997) opera impresario, General Manager of the Metropolitan Opera in New York from 1950 to 1972 [Bing - [http://arts.guardian.co.uk/features/story/0,,1857072,00.html] Rudolf Bing... had been born a Jew in Vienna"]
* Gerhard Bronner, cabaret artist
* George Burns, actor (Austrian parents)
* Heinrich Conried, theatre owner & manager
* Ricardo Cortez, actor
* Max Fleischer, animator
* William Fox, film producer
* Fritz Grünbaum & Karl Farkas, caberet artists
* Fritz Kortner, director
* Georg Kreisler, cabaret artist
* Hedy Lamarr, actress & inventor
* Hermann Leopoldi, cabaret artist
*Herbert Lom (1917 - ) international film actor [According to the Encyclopaedia Judaica, CD-ROM ed, art. Lom, Herbert.]
* Fritzi Massary, singer
* Paul Muni, actor
* Luise Rainer, actress
* Max Reinhardt, director
* Joseph Schildkraut, actor
* Sam Spiegel, producer
* Josef von Sternberg, director
* Erich von Stroheim, director & actor
* Edgar G. Ulmer, director
* Helene Weigel, stage actress
* Billy Wilder, director
* Fred Zinnemann, director

Musicians

* Kurt Adler, conductor
* Norbert Brainin, violinist
* Ignaz Brüll, composer and pianist [Jewish: "Contemporary Review, June, 1999 by Anthony Paterson" [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2242/is_1601_274/ai_55128451/pg_2] "the Nazi ban on his compositions - he was Jewish" Accessed 6 Nov 2006.
born Moravia: "Composers of Classical Music" [http://composers-classical-music.com/b/BrullIgnaz.htm] "Brull, Ignaz 1846-1907 Moravia, Prossnitz - Austria, Vienna" Accessed 6 November 2006.]
* Emanuel Feuermann, cellist
* Felix Galimir, violinist
* Heinrich Grünfeld, cellist
* Alfred Grünfeld, pianist
* Joseph Joachim, violinist (born in Kittsee, Austria, at that time Hungary) [http://www.jinfo.org/Violinists.html]
* Hans Keller, musicologist [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "he described himself as an 'unpious Jew'"]
* Julius Korngold, music critic
*Fritz Kreisler (1875 - 1962) violinist and composer, one of the most famous of his dayKreisler - [http://www.jewishjournal.com/home/preview.php?id=16606] "Jascha Heifetz, Fritz Kreisler, Mischa Elman... were all Jews, too"]
* Josef Krips, conductor (Jewish father)
* Erich Leinsdorf, conductor
* Erica Morini, violinist [http://www.arkivmusic.com/classical/album.jsp?album_id=61303]
* David Popper, cellist
* Julius Rudel, conductor
*Erwin Schulhoff (1894 - 1942) composer and pianist [School of Oriental and African Studies, [http://www.jmi.org.uk/suppressedmusic/newsletter/reviews/cd_schulhoff.html Newsletter of the Jewish Music Institute] "Erwin Schulhoff, a Czech Jew executed by the Nazis..." Accessed 8 Dec 2006.]
*Julius Schulhoff (1825 - 1898) pianist and composer [Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2nd ed., art. "Schulhoff, Julius": "Born in Prague"]
* Rudolf Schwarz, conductor ["Jewish Chronicle", February 16, 2007, p.14: "he carried on as the sole Jewidh conductor of the "Kulturbund"]
* Rudolf Serkin, pianist
* Fritz Spiegl, broadcaster
* Fritz Stiedry, conductor
* Salomon Sulzer, cantor
*Walter Susskind (1913 - 1980) conductor [ [http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Bio/Susskind-Walter.htm Bach cantatas site] "The distinguished Czech-born English conductor" [http://www.lakeplacidfilmforum.com/html/films.html Lake Placid Film Forum] "Walter Susskind, a German Jew" Both accessed 4 Jan 2007]
* Richard Tauber, singer and composer ["The Penguin Dictionary of Musical Performers", Arthur Jacobs, ISBN 0-14-051160-1, "Under threat as a Jew from Nazi persecution, settled in Britain, 1938."]
* Georg Tintner, conductor
* Egon Wellesz, composer [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-111223932.html]
* Paul Wittgenstein, pianist
* Eric Zeisl (1905-1959) composer
* Fannie Bloomfield Zeisler, pianist
* Grete Forst, opera singer

Composers

* Guido Adler, musicologist (born in Bohemia)
* Max Brand, pioneer of electronic music
* Edmund Eysler, composer
* Leo Fall, composer
* Wilhelm Grosz, composer
* Walter Jurmann, popular composer
* Erich Wolfgang Korngold, composer (born in Bohemia) [ [http://www.korngold-society.org/duchen.html Korngold Society] : "he got thrown out of Vienna because he was Jewish" Jessica Duchen, author of E. Korngold's biography); [http://www.korngold-society.org/korngold_centre.html Korngold Society] : "BRNO, where the composer was born"; accessed 6 Feb 2007.]
*Fritz Kreisler (1875 - 1962) violinist and composer, one of the most famous of his day
* Frederick Loewe, Broadway composer (Jewish father)
* Gustav Mahler, composer (born in Bohemia)
* Ignaz Moscheles, composer and pianist
* Arnold Schoenberg, composer
* Robert Starer, composer
* Max Steiner, film composer
* Oscar Straus, composer
* Ernst Toch, composer
*Viktor Ullmann, composer and pianist
* Erich Zeisl, composer
* Alexander von Zemlinsky, composer

Artists & Architects

* Arik Brauer, painter
* Hattie Carnegie, jewelry designer
* Josef Frank, architect & designer
* Ernst Fuchs, painter (Jewish father)
* Rudi Gernreich, fashion designer
* Ernst Gombrich, art historian
* Chaim Gross, sculptor
* Victor Gruen, architect of the modern American shopping mall
* André Heller, multimedia artist
* Friedensreich Hundertwasser, artist & architect (Jewish mother)
* Lisette Model, photographer (Jewish father)
* Richard Neutra, architect
* Harry Seidler, Architect
* Weegee, photographer
* Berta Zuckerkandl, art critic & salon host, see Salon of Berta Zuckerkandl

Writers

* Walter Abish, writer
* Ilse Aichinger, writer (Jewish mother)
* Peter Altenberg, writer
* Ernst Angel, writer and psychology
* Raphael Basch (1813-?), journalist & politician [ [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=371&letter=B Jewish Encyclopedia] , "born at Prague"; accessed 3 Dec 2006.]
* Abraham Benisch (1814-1878) Hebraist and journalist; born Bohemia [British Concise Dictionary of National Biography]
* Vicki Baum, writer
* Leo Birinski, playwright, screenwriter
* Henri Blowitz, journalist [Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed., art. "Blowitz, Henri]
*Boris Brainin (Sepp Österreicher), poet and translator [ [http://www.literaturhaus.at/lh/exil/sammlungen/boris_brainin/index.html Boris Brainin ] ]
*Fritz Brainin, poet [ [http://www.literaturhaus.at/lh/exil/sammlungen/fritz_brainin/index.html Fritz Brainin ] ]
*Harald Brainin, writer and poet
* Hermann Broch, writer
*Max Brod, writer
* Otto Maria Carpeaux, literary critic (converted to Catholicism)
* [http://www.zoominfo.com/Search/PersonDetail.aspx?PersonID=688773730 Eric Frey] , managing editor of Vienna's "Der Standard" [http://www.eurotopics.net/en/presseschau/autorenindex/autor_frey_eric/] ; contributor to New York's "Forward"
* Erich Fried, poet
* Egon Friedell, historian & writer
* Balduin Groller, journalist & writer
* Elfriede Jelinek, author, Nobel Prize (2004) (Jewish father)
* Franz Kafka, writer, (Bohemian born)
*Leopold Kompert, writer
*Paul Kornfeld (1889 - 1942) writer, author of many expressionist plays [ [http://www.traktor.cz/twisted/ungar.html] "German-Jewish writers: Paul Kornfeld"]
* Karl Kraus, author [ [http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=5411 The Literary Encyclopedia] : "Karl Kraus was born in Jicin (or Gitschin), Czechoslovakia (then a part of Austria-Hungary) into a Jewish family." Accessed 8 Feb 2007.]
*Heinrich Landesmann, poet [http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/Nikolsburg/nikoland.htm]
* Ruth Maier, diarist
* Robert Menasse, writer
* Frederic Morton, writer
* Alfred Polgar, poet & essayist
* Leo Perutz, writer
* Doron Rabinovici, writer
* Joseph Roth, writer (converted to Catholicism)
* Felix Salten, Hungarian-born Austrian writer [ [http://www.laweekly.com/film+tv/film-reviews/film-reviews/12859/] "Hungarian writer Felix Salten" [http://mki.wisc.edu/hgia/Shaping_Culture.htm] "Hungarian/Austrian Jewish writer Felix Salten"] [ [http://courseweb.stthomas.edu/paschons/language_http://essays/salten.html] "Everyone knows Walt Disney's Bambi. Far fewer know that the author of the original book was the Austrian writer, Felix Salten."] [ [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9065144] "..Austrian novelist and journalist..."] [ [http://home.eznet.net/~dminor/O&E986.html Odds & Ends, June 1998 ] ]
* Otto Soyka, writer
* Franz Werfel, playwright
* Hugo Sonnenschein, Bohemian-born writer [http://www.aeiou.at/aeiou.encyclop.s/s652031.htm;internal&action=_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE=en]
* Arthur Schnitzler, writer
* Manès Sperber, writer, philosopher
* Friedrich Torberg, writer
* Schlomo Winninger, biographer (born in Austrian Bukovina, lived in Vienna)
* Stefan Zweig, writer

port figures

* SC Hakoah Wien, Jewish football (soccer) club (Austrian champions in 1925)
* SC Maccabi Wien, Jewish football (soccer) club.
* Richard Bergmann, world table tennis champion (4 singles titles)
* Judith Deutsch, champion freestyle swimmer
* Otto Herschmann, Olympic medalist in swimming & fencing
* Hugo Meisl, Austrian soccer manager
* Paul Neumann, swimmer & first Austrian Olympic champion
* Ellen Preis, Olympic fencing champion (half Jewish)
* Rudolf Spielmann, chess grandmaster
*Elisabeth Schwarz, pairs figure skater who won the Olympic gold medal in 1956
*Wolfgang Schwarz, gold medal figure skater from the 1968 Winter Olympics who was charged in 2002 with human trafficking

Miscellaneous

* Arthur Murray, Jewish dancer
* Martin Buber, Jewish philosopher
* Alfred Edersheim, Bible scholar [Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born of Jewish parents at Vienna"]
* Eduard Glaser, Arabist explorer
* Ignaz Glaser, Entrepreneur
* Maurice de Hirsch, banker [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "His grandfather Jacob had established the family as one of the first Jewish families to acquire great wealth and social acceptability in Bavaria ... His mother came from an Orthodox Frankfurt family and ensured that the children were properly instructed in Jewish matters ... He was a citizen of Austria-Hungary at his death."]
* Robert Kronfeld, gliding pioneer
* Wilhelm Jerusalem, rabbi
* Hermann Wassertrilling, rabbi
* Isaak Löw Hofmann, Edler von Hofmannsthal, merchant [ [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=838&letter=H jewish Encyclopedia] "born June 10, 1759, at Prostiebor, near Kladrau, in the district of Pilsen, Bohemia" accessed 8 Feb 2007]
* Rixi Markus, contract bridge player (born in Austrian Bukovina, lived in Vienna)
* Marcel Prawy, opera guru
* Jakob Rosenfeld, Chinese doctor & general
* Chaim Sheba, Israeli physician (born in Austrian Bukovina, lived in Vienna)
* Martin Schlaff, millionaire businessman
* Hedi Stadlen musicologist, philosopher and British/Sri Lankan Communist.
* Desider David Stern, Bibliographer and Coffee maschine inventor (born in Breslau (Poland), lived in Vienna)
* Moritz Steinschneider, Bibliographer and Orientalist [Jewish Encyclopedia]
* George Weidenfeld, publisher [http://www.ajr.org.uk/exhibit.htm]

Others

* Elsa Bernstein, an Austrian-German writer, dramatist
* the House of Porges
** Heinrich Porges, a Czech-Austrian German choirmaster and music-critic
* the House of Henikstein
* the House of Todesco
* the House of Gomperz
* the House of Eskeles
* the House of Wartenegg von Wertheimstein

* Jean Améry, an ethnic Jew, noted for having written one of the central texts on the Nazi death camps
* Viktor Aptowitzer (July 16, 1871, Tarnopol, Galizien, - December 5, 1942, Jerusalem), Jewish theologian, Talmudist; [http://www.lootedart.com/Judaica/ResearchResources/Orcid_GSF_37587_6325694444.asp] "two Austrian Jewish scholars - Samuel Krauss and Viktor Aptowitzer"
* Rudolf Auspitz (July 7, 1837, Vienna - March 8, 1906, Vienna), Austrian politician, entrepreneur ("Unternehmer") [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=2147&letter=A]
* Friedrich Austerlitz (April 25, 1862, Hochlieben, Bohemia - July 5, 1931, Vienna), Austrian journalist, politician
* Joseph Samuel Bloch (November 20, 1850, Dukla, Galizien - October 1, 1923, Vienna), Austrian publicist, politician [http://www.powells.com/cgi-bin/biblio?inkey=61-0880335297-2]
* Ludo Moritz Hartmann, Austrian Jewish historian and statesman [http://www.lips.org/Bio_GlassM_GB.asp] " two lay Jews Ludo Moritz Hartmann"
* Paul Hatvani, exactly Paul Hirsch (August 16, 1892, Vienna - November 9, 1975, Kew, near Melbourne), Austrian Jewish writer, chemist [http://juh.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/27/6/779.pdf#search=%22%22Paul%20Hatvani%22%20jewish%22] "Paul Hatvani, a German Jewish refugee"

Footnotes

ee also

*List of Austrians
*List of Czech, Bohemian, Moravian and Slovak Jews
*List of composers influenced by the Holocaust
*List of Germans
*List of German Jews
*List of Galician Jews
*List of Jews