- Lower Xiajiadian culture
The Lower Xiajiadian culture (zh-stp |s=夏家店下层文化 |t=夏家店下層文化 |p=Xiàjiādiàn xiàcéng wénhuà; 2200–
1600 BC ["Leadership Strategies, Economic Activity, and Interregional Interaction: Social Complexity in Northeast China", pp. 89] ) is an archaeological culture inNortheast China , found mainly in southeasternInner Mongolia , northernHebei and westernLiaoning ,China .Subsistence was based onmillet farming supplemented with animal husbandry and hunting. Archaeological sites have yielded the remains of pigs, dogs, sheep and cattle. The culture built permanent settlements and achieved relatively high population densities. The population levels reached by the Lower Xiajiadian culture in theChifeng region would not be matched until theLiao Dynasty ["Leadership Strategies, Economic Activity, and Interregional Interaction: Social Complexity in Northeast China", pp. 120] . The culture was preceded by theHongshan culture , through the transitional Xiaoheyan culture. Thetype site is represented by the lower layer atXiajiadian , Chifeng, Inner Mongolia.Stone, bone and pottery artefacts were discovered at Lower Xiajiadian sites, while gold, lead,
lacquer ,jade , copper and bronze artefacts are also found. The most commonly found copper and bronze artefacts are earrings.People of the Lower Xiajiadian practiced
oracle bone divination. The culture prepared its oracle bones by drilling and polishing the bones before heating them. Inscriptions are generally not found on examples of oracle bones of the Lower Xiajiadian.People had good access to local sources of stone, primarily
basalt , which were often used in construction and tool-making. Lower Xiajiadian houses were typically round, made from mud and stone, and were built with stone walls. Lower Xiajiadian settlements were built near and were protected by cliffs or steep slopes. Stone walls were sometimes erected around the non-sloped perimeter of its settlement. Walls were not thick. Walls with watchtowers and were built by sandwiching arammed earth core with two sides of stone walls.ee also
*
Upper Xiajiadian culture
*Zhukaigou culture Notes
References
* Shelach, Gideon, "Leadership Strategies, Economic Activity, and Interregional Interaction: Social Complexity in Northeast China", ISBN 0-306-46090-4
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