Bugun Liocichla

Taxobox
name = Bugun Liocichla
status = VU | status_system = IUCN3.1
status_ref = [ [http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=32348&m=0 Birdlife International Species Factsheet – Bugun Liocichla] ]

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regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Aves
ordo = Passeriformes
familia = Timaliidae
genus = "Liocichla"
species = "L. bugunorum"
binomial = "Liocichla bugunorum"
binomial_authority = Athreya, 2006
range_

The Bugun Liocichla, "Liocichla bugunorum", is a passerine bird species from the Old World babbler family [Collar, N. J. & Robson C. 2007. Family Timaliidae (Babblers) Pp. 70 - 291 in; del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Christie, D.A. eds. "Handbook of the Birds of the World", Vol. 12. Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.] closely related to the Grey-faced Liocichla. First spotted in 1995, it was described as a new species in 2006 by Ramana Athreya.cite journal | last = Athreya | first = Ramana | title = A new species of "Liocichla" (Aves:Timaliidae) from Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh, India | journal = Indian Birds | volume = 2 | issue = 4 | pages = 82–94 | date = 2006-08-31
url = http://www.birdlife.org/news/news/2006/09/indian_birds_liocichla.pdf | format = PDF | accessdate = 2006-09-12 ] The description was made without the collection of a type specimen as they were too few to risk killing one. It is thought to be an endangered species, with the only known population estimated to consist of 14 individuals and commercial development threatening the habitat of this population. [cite book|url=http://www.ncra.tifr.res.in/~rathreya/Eaglenest/rsgAthreyaRweb.pdf |author=Athreya, R.|year=2006 |title=Eaglenest Biodiversity Project − I (2003 – 2006): Conservation resources for Eaglenest wildlife sanctuary. A report submitted to the Forest Department of the Government of Arunachal Pradesh, India, and the Rufford-Maurice-Laing Foundation (UK)|publisher=Kaati Trust, Pune.]

Description

The Bugun Liocichla is a small babbler (22 cm) with olive-grey plumage and a black cap. The face is marked with prominent orange-yellow lores, and the wings have yellow, red and white patches. The tail is black with crimson coloured undertail coverts and red tips. The feet are pink and the bill is black at the face fading to pale white. A second duller individual was mist netted, which was probably the female. The voice is described as fluty and distinctive.

Distribution and habitat

All sightings of the species are at an altitude of 2000 metres on disturbed hillsides covered with shrubs and small trees, with the exception of one sighting on the edge of primary forest. It lives in a territory similar to that of the Emei Shan Liocichla. Small flocks were observed during January, whereas pairs were observed in May, with an estimated total of 14 individuals. It is thought that pairs may hold and defend territories. The Bugun Liocichla is only currently known from just one location. Populations may be discovered in other areas of Arunachal Pradesh or neighbouring Bhutan.

Attempts have been made to identify new locations where the species could occur based on identification of suitable habitats using computational models. [Peterson, A. T., and M. Papeş. 2007. Potential geographic distribution of the Bugun Liocichla Liocichla bugunorum, a poorly-known species from north-eastern India. Indian Birds 2:146-149. [http://www.specifysoftware.org/Informatics/bios/biostownpeterson/PP_IB_2006.pdf] ]

pecies discovery

The species was described in 2006 after being discovered in Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary in Arunachal Pradesh, India, by a professional astrophysicist, Ramana Athreya.cite web | last = | first =| title = New Multicolored Bird Found in India | work = Associated Press | date = 2006-09-12| url = http://apnews.myway.com/article/20060912/D8K3JND00.html| accessdate = 2006-09-14 ] The species was first spotted in the sanctuary in 1995 but was not seen again for ten years. Athreya spotted them again in May 2006 but did not publicize it until he was able to confirm it to be a new species. It was initially identified as appearing most similar to a Grey-faced Liocichla, "Liocichla omeiensis", a species of Liocichla endemic to China. It was however distinctly different and the full description was finally made by capturing and examining two individuals using mistnets. Due to the apparent rarity of the species no type specimen was collected, instead feathers from the mist net, photographs, recordings and notes were used as the holotype.cite web | last = | first =| title = Bugun Liocichla: a sensational discovery in north-east India | work = Birdlife International | date = 2006-09-12| url = http://www.birdlife.org/news/news/2006/09/bugun_liocichla.html| accessdate = 2006-09-12 ] cite web | last = | first =| title = New Multicolored Bird Found in India | work = Associated Press | date = 2006-09-12| url = http://apnews.myway.com/article/20060912/D8K3JND00.html| accessdate = 2006-09-14 ] The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature does not allow for new species to be described without the collection of type specimens, but this provision was circumvented in this case by the collection of feathers (the Code allows for "any part of an animal" to be treated as a type specimen; Art. 72.5.1 [http://www.iczn.org/iczn/index.jsp The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature] ). The 1991 description of the Bulo Burti Boubou ("Laniarius liberatus"), an African bushshrike species, lacked any specimen whatsoever, and has been more controversial.

The first report of the species was first made in a posting to the Nathistory-India, an electronic mailing list in 1996. [ [https://lists.princeton.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind9608&L=NATHISTORY-INDIA&P=R1290&I=-3 First report of the unidentifiable species] ] It was only in 2006, however that the species was formally described. [ [http://www.indianbirds.in/images/IB%5B1%5D.2.4.Liocichla.pdf Athreya, R. 2006. A new species of Liocichla (Aves: Timaliidae) from Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Indian Birds 2 (4): 82-94. Publication date: 8 September 2006.] ]

Etymology

The species' scientific and common names are derived from the Bugun tribe on whose communal forests the species was discovered.cite web | last = | first =| title = Bugun Liocichla: a sensational discovery in north-east India | work = Birdlife International | date = 2006-09-12| url = http://www.birdlife.org/news/news/2006/09/bugun_liocichla.html| accessdate = 2006-09-12 ]

Threats and conservation

For a "spectacular bird" with distinctive calls to have been overlooked until 1995 suggests that the species is not common. Only three breeding pairs are currently known. While the species is capable of living in degraded forests, its small population is considered threatened, especially in the light of plans to build a highway through an area thought to be its primary habitat.cite web | last = | first =| title = Bugun Liocichla: a sensational discovery in north-east India | work = Birdlife International | date = 2006-09-12| url = http://www.birdlife.org/news/news/2006/09/bugun_liocichla.html| accessdate = 2006-09-12 ]

References

=External links=
* [http://www.aoc.nrao.edu/~sbhatnag/Nature/warunachal/wapMiscEaglenestBP.htm The Eaglenest Biodiversity project]
* [http://www.bnhs.org/article.php?cid=Nzc%3D&sid=Mjgx&aid=Mjgx&t=Mg%3D%3D The Bugun Liocichla, Discovery of new Bird Species in India: BNHS]
* [http://www.orientalbirdimages.org/search.php?action=searchresult&Bird_ID=2795&Bird_Image_ID=21654&Bird_Family_ID=&p=2 Photograph of holotype]
* [http://orientalbirdimages.org/search.php?action=searchresult&Bird_ID=2795 More photographs]