Physiological tolerance

Physiological tolerance

In physiology, tolerance occurs when an organism builds up a resistance to the effects of a substance after repeated exposure. This can occur with environmental substances such as salt or pesticides. It is also commonly encountered in pharmacology (see drug tolerance), when a subject's reaction to a drug (such as a painkiller or intoxicant) decreases so that larger doses are required to achieve the same effect.

There are two major mechanisms for tolerance:
*Dispositional tolerance: occurs because of a decreased quantity of the substance reaching the site it affects.
*Reduced responsiveness: the response to the substance is decreased by cellular mechanisms. [cite book |last=Klaassen |first=Curtis D. |title= Casarett & Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons |edition=6th |date=2001-07-27 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional |isbn= 0071347216 |pages=17]

References

See also

* Desensitization
* Drug tolerance
* Tachyphylaxis
* Mithridatization


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