Western Apache language

Western Apache language

language
name=Western Apache
nativename=Ndee biyati' / Nnee biyati'
states=United States
region=Primarily south-east Arizona
speakers=~14,000
familycolor=American
fam1=Na-Dene
fam2=Athabaskan
fam3=Southern
fam4=Southwestern
iso2=nai|iso3=apw

The Western Apache language is a Southern Athabaskan language spoken by the Western Apache peoples living primarily in east central Arizona. Goodwin (1938) claims that Western Apache can be divided into five dialect groupings:

* Cibecue,
* Northern Tonto,
* Southern Tonto,
* San Carlos
* White Mountain

Other researchers do not find any linguistic evidence for five groups, but rather three main varieties with several subgroupings:

* San Carlos,
* White Mountain
* Tonto

Western Apache is most closely related to other Southern Athabaskan languages like Navajo, Chiricahua Apache, Mescalero Apache, Lipan Apache, Plains Apache, and Jicarilla Apache.

References & Recommended reading

" For the references, see the subarticle: Western Apache/Bibliography."

External links

* [http://projects.ltc.arizona.edu/gates/course.html American Indian Language Development Institute] (has children's video of Cactus Boy story in Western Apache)
* [http://www.wusd.k12.az.us/Links/Staff/BGood/Apachedictionary/Apachedict.html Western Apache-English Dictionary (White Mountain)]
* [http://www.geocities.com/Athens/8352/lang.htm Simplied Apache Pronunciation]
* [http://www.freewebs.com/apache-texts/ Apache Texts]
* [http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/TIL_11.html Issues in Language Textbook Development: The Case of Western Apache]
* [http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/TIL_12.html White Mountain Apache Language: Issues in Language Shift, Textbook Development, and Native Speaker-University Collaboration]
* [http://www.native-languages.org/apache_words.htm Western Apache vocabulary word list]


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  • Western Apache — refers to the similar Apache peoples living primarily in east central Arizona. Goodwin (1938) claims that the Western Apache can be divided into five groups based on dialect: * Cibecue, * Northern Tonto, * Southern Tonto, * San Carlos, and *… …   Wikipedia

  • Western Apache — noun a) The Apache peoples living primarily in east central Arizona. b) The Southern Athabascan language spoken by the Western Apache people …   Wiktionary

  • Plains Apache language — language name=Plains Apache states=United States region=Primarily Oklahoma speakers=18 familycolor=Dené Yeniseian fam2=Na Dene fam3=Athabaskan Eyak fam4=Athabaskan fam5=Southern Athabaskan iso2=nai|iso3=apkThe Plains Apache language (or Kiowa… …   Wikipedia

  • Bibliography of the Western Apache — This is a list of works which deal with the Western Apache, organised by subject. LanguagePedagogy* Arizona State University American Indian Language Development Institute. (1983). Nohwiyati’ [Our language] . SIL. * Bunney, Curtis. (1974). Nnee… …   Wikipedia

  • Western Apache — ISO 639 3 Code : apw ISO 639 2/B Code : ISO 639 2/T Code : ISO 639 1 Code : Scope : Individual Language Type : Living …   Names of Languages ISO 639-3

  • Apache — Infobox Ethnic group group = Apache poptime = 31,000+Fact|date=October 2007 popplace = Arizona, New Mexico and Oklahoma rels = Shamanism, Christianity langs = Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Lipan, Plains Apache, Mescalero, Western Apache related =… …   Wikipedia

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