Tafahi

Infobox Mountain
Name= Tafahi
Photo=
Caption=
Elevation= Convert|560|m|ft|0|abbr=on
Location=Tonga
Range =
Prominence = Convert|560|m|ft|0|abbr=on
Coordinates = coord|15|51|S|173|43|W|type:mountain
Topographic

Type=Stratovolcano
Age=
Last eruption= Unknown
First ascent=
Easiest route=

Tafahi is a small (1.2 km x 2.8 km) island in the north of the Tonga archipelago, in fact closer to Savaiokinai (Sāmoa) than the main islands of Tonga. It is only 9 km north-northeast away from Niuatoputapu, and fishermen communicate in small outboard motorboats almost daily between the two.

Older names for Tafahi are Cocos Eylant (coconut island) or Boscawen island.

Geography

and vanilla, whose exports to the rest of Tonga and beyond is the main occupation of the population.

The harbour (merely an opening in the fringing reef, only passable by small boats) is at the northwest of the island. A steep staircase leads up to the village, with about 100 residents, located on a plateau on the north side of the mountain. There is a government primary school.

Myth

It is told in local mythology that some naughty okinaaitu from Sāmoa one night wanted to steal the mountain of Niuafookinaou to bring it to Sāmoa. It started off well for them, they got the mountain, leaving Niuafookinaou behind with a big lake in its centre, and were dragging it through the sea, already halfway near Niuatoputapu. They had to hurry because okinaaitu law prescribed that they had to complete the work before sunrise.

But the fish god Seketookinaa saw them and did not like it. He ordered his matāpule (spokesmen) to cry as roosters, in the hope that the okinaaitu would think that dawn was close and they could as well give up. But it did not work, the okinaaitu were not ready yet to give up and only pulled harder. Then Seketookinaa himself acted. He swam in from of the ghosts, showing them his anus, which was red. The ghosts were frightened. They thought they saw the red sun rising and that it was already morning. They dropped the mountain and fled to Sāmoa. That is the reason that Tafahi is now where it is.

History

Tafahi was put on the European maps by Willem Schouten and Jacob Le Maire during their famous circumnavigation of the globe in 1616. They were it who gave it the name "Cocos Eylant" because of the abundancy of coconut palms. A multitude of natives in their outrigger canoes came to see their visitors. As the explorers describe in their journal, the natives were peaceful, willing to come on board, leaving barely any space for the Dutch themselves, and they traded large quantities of coconuts and "ubes" roots (probably "okinaufi" (yam)) for iron nails and strings of beads. But as the island did not offer a suitable place to anchor, the ship the "Eendracht" (Unity) proceeded next to Niuatoputapu.

It is speculated by swiss Walter Hurni and described by the swiss author Alex Capus, that Robert Louis Stevenson, the author of Treasure Island, found the Treasure of Lima around 1890 on this island while living on the near island of Upolu and got him and his family very rich.

Language

Jacob LeMaire tried to collect words from the natives. He put 32 words in his journal as the "Vocabulaer: Oft Tale van d'Eylanden Salomonis", and some more of the "Tale van het Cocos Eylant". In was not until 1945 that it was discovered that those labeled as from Cocoa Island were in reality words from Futuna, and those mislabeled as the Solomons Islands (where the "Eendracht" would not come at all) were actually from Tafahi. The many errors (e.g., the printer in Holland printed an 'n' as a 'u') do not help in the analysis. In addition, when the Dutch left Tafahi for Niuatoputapu, many canoes from there had already come to them. LeMaire probably recorded a mixture of the languages of both islands. When the words from his list are compared to modern Tongan, Sāmoan, okinaUvean and Futunan, as well as Fijian, it appears that they come from all of the languages, but mostly from Futunan and Samoan.

Nowadays the people from Tafahi and Niuatoputapu speak Tongan. But up to the 19th century both islands must have had a quite distinct language. In 1835 the missionary Peter Turner, on HIs way to Sāmoa, had a stop in Niuatoputapu and found that "there are many Samoans here…". The theory that the Tuokinai Tonga empire had thoroughly "Tonganised" its colonies using Lookinaau's "Falefā" cannot be maintained.

The real subjection of Niuatoputapu and Tafahi to Tonga does not start until the establishment of the "Haokinaafalefisi" line and the Māokinaatu chiefly line in Niuatoputapu.

References

*
*Robert Kerr (1824): [http://www.gutenberg.org/files/13130/13130-h/13130-h.htm#chapter4-6 Voyage round the world, in 1615-1617, by William Cornelison Schouten and Jacques le Maire, going round Cape Horn.]
*W. Pond, "The Tafahi vocabulary", Faikava 10, 1983