Longford

Infobox Irish Place
name = Longford
gaeilge = An Longfort
crest

motto =
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pin coords = left: 40px; top: 55px
north coord = 53.727033
west coord = 7.799778
irish grid = N135750
area = 1,091 km²
elevation = 72 m (236 ft)
province = Leinster
county = County Longford
town pop = 7,557 (2002)
rural pop = 23,511 (2002)
census yr = 2006
web = www.longfordcoco.ie
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Longford ("An Longfort" in Irish) is the county town of County Longford in the Midlands of Ireland. According to the 2006 census, the town has a population of around 13,000. Approximately one third of the county's population resides in the town.

Longford town is the second largest town on the N4 National primary route between Dublin and Sligo. It is also the axis for the convergence of the N4 and the N5 primary routes which means that traffic travelling between Dublin and Counties Mayo and Roscommon passes through the town.

History

The town was originally founded by Viking raiders as "Long Phoirt", from the Irish "long" meaning ship and "phoirt" meaning port or dock. The Celtic inhabitants of Ireland did not build towns but the town came under the sway of the local clan which controlled the south and central part of the county of Longford (formerly the Kingdom of "Anghaile" or Annaly) and hence, the town is referred to occasionally as "Longphort Uí Fhearghail" (Fort of O'Farrell), a Dominican priory founded there in 1400. Longford is the Cathedral town for the Catholic diocese of Ardagh and Clonmacnois.

Transport

Longford is about 91 km from Sligo and 122 km from Dublin. It lies on the Dublin-Sligo route of the Irish railway network, and is served by Sligo-Dublin intercity services. Despite its distance from Dublin, the town also has a regular, well-utilised commuter service to Dublin. Journeys to the capital by rail generally take about an hour and three quarters. Longford railway station opened on 8 November 1855. [cite web | title=Longford station | work=Railscot - Irish Railways | url=http://www.railscot.co.uk/Ireland/Irish_railways.pdf | accessdate=2007-09-05]

There are a large number of bus services to Dublin and inside the county locally provided by the state and private bus companies.

Longford is the point where the N5 road, to Castlebar and Westport leaves the N4 road, which continues onwards to Sligo. While all motorists travelling on the N5 must pass through the town en-route to their destinations, there is little traffic congestion, except at peak times,this is mainly due to the traffic system of the town which has a number of one-way streets and traffic signals. The N4 Sligo road has a bypass around the town, which consists of single carriageway with hard shoulders and three roundabouts. It was opened on 2 June 1995.

Longford's main air transport centre is located south-east of the town, near Abbeyshrule, at the local airport. Abbeyshrule Aerodrome receives a regular influx of small general aviation aircraft, including the Cessna 182 and 150. The airport also boasts two flight training centres; one for general aviation fixed wing aircraft training ("Aeroclub 2000") and one for microlight aircraft flight training ("Ultraflight"). The airport is also the home of the Extra 200 aerobatic aircraft "EI-SAM" of acclaimed Irish international competition aerobatics pilot David Bruton.

Amenities and commerce

Longford town boasts a state-of-the-art 200-seat theatre, and a four-screen multiplex cinema, with restaurants. The mix and quality of housing is extensive and the Rural Renewal Scheme (1999-2006) has ensured that a steady supply of residential development has come about. Longford town has a decentralised government department which employs approximately 300 people with plans for a further 160 to be employed at the Irish Prison Service's new headquarters in the Lisamuck area of the town. Longford's local army barracks employs approximately 180 soldiers, many of whom are involved in UN peace-keeping duties.

Longford's main industries are food production, sawmills, steelworking, generator retailing, cable making and the production of medical diagnostics. It is the major services centre for the county as well as the location of the Department of Social Welfare and the Irish Prison Service. The town is also a local commercial centre, with many retail outlets including multiples such as Tesco, Argos and Homebase, German discount retailers, Aldi and Lidl and Irish retail outlets such as Dunnes Stores and Penneys. It is the cathedral town of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ardagh and Clonmacnoise. Its cathedral, dedicated to Saint Mel, the founder of the diocese of Ardagh, was designed by architect John Benjamin Keane, who also designed St. Francis Xavier's Church on Gardiner Street in Dublin.

ports

The town has a wide range of sports clubs and facilities including the Gaelic Athletic Association, rugby and tennis clubs, an Eircom Premier League soccer club (for 8 years although relegated last season), two indoor swimming pools, an extensive gym and a 17-hole golf course. A new swimming pool was opened in Longford in 2007.

The sport with most support in County Longford is Gaelic football. The headquarters of the Longford Gaelic Athletic Association is located in Pearse Park in Longford Town, with a ground capacity of around 11,000. The Longford Gaelic football team has been relatively unsuccessful at national level, in large part reflecting the county's small population size - although it succeeded in winning a Leinster title at Senior level in 1968 and a National League title in 1966. The minor (under-18) Longford county team won the Leinster title in 2002 and their teams at under-21 level have reached several Leinster finals over the last few years (including 2006). The major boys' secondary school in Longford town, St. Mel's College, also has a long tradition in secondary schools' football (known as Colleges A), winning 29 Leinster and 4 All-Ireland titles (in the Hogan Cup). At one stage, St. Mel's College had won more Leinster titles than all of the other Leinster colleges put together. The main local GAA Club in Longford is Longford Slashers, based in Longford town, who have won more Senior County Championships than any other team in the county (20, Fr. Manning Gaels are second with 15). The club's performance has dipped in the last few years but a recent resurgence led by manager John Murphy, has brought Slashers back to the top of Longford GAA. They were runners up to Abbeylara in the 2006 County Final and are favourites for the 2007 crown after a number of strong appearances.

Longford County boasted arguably the best Gaelic football team which did not win the Sam Maguire Cup in 1968. The team was narrowly beaten by Kerry in the all-Ireland Semi final. The recently-deceased T.D. John Wilson and G.A.A. all-Ireland medalist (with County Cavan) starred with St. Mel's College Gaelic football team. St. Mel's also boasted a cricket team which wore all black rig. St. Mel's holds the peculiar distinction: in the 1966/67 season it held two teams scoreless in Gaelic football. This feat has never been equalled by any other Gaelic football team in history.

Longford town itself has a strong tradition in soccer, the game being introduced in the late 19th century. The town was a military base garrison during British rule. Longford Town football club was founded in 1924 and was elected to the League of Ireland in 1984. The first Longford town football club team to play in the League of Ireland featured Jimmy Savage, Zac Hackett and Liam Madden. In the 1950s and 60s, Longford boasted such players as Willie Browne (UCD and Bohemian FC) who won 3 full international Republic of Ireland caps and captained Bohemian FC for 3 consecutive seasons,he made 177 appearances for Bohs in all competitions scoring 20 goals, Lal Donlon (Longford town and Arsenal), Mel 'Garrincha' Mulligan, John 'Hooky' O'Connor and the legendary Jimmy Clarke. Jimmy Clarke is arguably Longford's most famous football player to date. The Longford Town football club ground is at Flancare Park, in the townland of Mullolagher, to the west of the town, on the Strokestown Road. Previously, the club was based in the north of Abbeycartron town. The Longford Town football club has had notable success in recent years, twice winning the FAI Cup, in 2003 and 2004, and competing in the UEFA Cup as a result against Bulgarian, Liechtenstein and Welsh opposition, though without success.

For golfers, Longford has an extensive parkland course. Also within a 50 km (30 mi) radius of the county, one can play quality championship courses such as the Nick Faldo-designed Lough Rynn, Glasson and the Slieve Russell.

Longford is represented in basketball in the National League by the [http://www.longfordfalcons.com Longford Falcons] . The club has had numerous Leinster and national titles won at the junior level. The club is based at the Mall Sports Complex, in the east of the town.

Longford town also hosts a rugby club, [http://www.longfordrugby.com/index.php Longford RFC] , whose grounds are located at Demesne, in the north of the town, and who participate in Leinster junior leagues, as well as a 25-metre swimming pool located at the Market Square, in the centre of the town, and another swimming pool located in the LIFE Health And Fitness gym on Richmond Street.

Longford has an extensive mall sports complex. The complex contains a gym, both indoor and outdoor football and basketball grounds and major developments are currently underway at the complex. The developments include the development of a large swimming pool.

Education

Longford town has a number of primary schools (for ages 4-12) and three secondary schools (for ages 12-19): two single-sex schools, St. Mel's College, (a Catholic boys' school) and Scoil Mhuire (a Catholic girls' school run by the Sisters of Mercy), as well as a mixed school, (Templemichael College, formerly known as Longford Vocational School). Primary schools in Longford include a Gaelscoil. An extensive adult education centre exists in Longford.

St. Mel's College [http://www.stmelscollege.ie] is the oldest and best-known of these schools, being founded approximately 150 years ago by the Roman Catholic Bishop of Ardagh and Clonmacnois as a diocesan seminary to train students for the priesthood. While the school only briefly functioned as a seminary, it served for many years as a boarding school, while also admitting day students. The boarding school was discontinued after 2000 and the school is now only a day school, with the largest student enrollment in county Longford. The College, known locally as "Mel's", is best-known for its strict rules of conduct and its success on a national level with Gaelic football, athletics, soccer, basketball and Rugby.

Tourism

The Corlea Trackway Visitor Centre is located near to Longford, in Kenagh. The Centre houses an Iron Age bog road which was built in the year 148 BC across the boglands in proximity to the River Shannon. The oak road is the largest of its kind to have been uncovered in Europe and was excavated over the years by Professor Barry Raftery of University College Dublin. Inside the building, an 18 metre stretch of preserved road is on permanent display in a specially designed hall with humidifiers to prevent the ancient wood from cracking in the heat. Bord na Mona and the Heritage Service have carried out conservation work on the surrounding bog to ensure that it remains wet and that the buried road is preserved. There are other historical artifacts and some exhibits at the centre.

St. Mel's Cathedral in the town features several stained glass windows by Harry Clarke. These include one of his earliest works "The consecration of St. Mel as Bishop of Longford" which was exhibited at the RDS Annual Art Industries Exhibition in 1910, where it received second prize. It was also exhibited at The Arts and Crafts Society of Ireland fourth exhibition in the same year.

There are a number of portal dolmens located around Longford.

Notable people

The mother of actor Mel Gibson, Anne Reilly Gibson, was born in Colmcille Parish, County Longford, Ireland. Gibson's first name comes from the 5th-century Irish saint, Mel, founder of the diocese of Ardagh (which contains most of his mother's native county), while his second name, Colmcille, also linked to an Irish saint, is the name of the parish in County Longford where Anne Reilly was born and raised. [Michael Dwyer, "The Irish Times" film critic, interviewed on RTÉ Radio 1's "This week" programme, 6 August 2006.]

References

ee also

* List of towns and villages in Ireland