Notifiable disease

Notifiable disease

A notifiable disease is any disease that is required by law to be reported to government authorities. The collation of information allows the authorities to monitor the disease, and provides early warning of possible outbreaks. Many governments have enacted regulations for reporting of both human and animal (generally livestock) diseases. This usually happens during pandemics.

Contents

Global

Human

The World Health Organization's International Health Regulations 1969 require disease reporting to the organization in order to help with its global surveillance and advisory role. The current (1969) regulations are rather limited with a focus on reporting of three main diseases: cholera, yellow fever and plague.[1]

The revised International Health Regulations 2005 (scheduled to enter into force in June 2007) broadens this scope and is no longer limited to the notification of specific diseases. Whilst it does identify a number of specific diseases, it also defines a limited set of criteria to assist in deciding whether an event is notifiable to WHO.[2][3]

Animal

The OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health) monitors specific animal diseases on a global scale.

Australia

Human

The National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) was established in 1990. Notifications are made to the States or Territory health authority and computerised, de-identified records are then supplied to the Department of Health and Ageing for collation, analysis and publication.[4]

Animal

Within Australia the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry regulates the notification of infectious animal diseases.

Canada

Human

New Zealand

Human

Notification is regulated under the Heath Act 1956.

United Kingdom

Human

Main article: UK statutory notification system

Requirement for the notification of infectious diseases originated near the end of the 19th century. The list started with a few select diseases and has since grown to 31. Currently disease notification for humans in the UK is regulated under the Public Health (Control of Disease) Act 1984 and Public Health (Infectious Diseases) Regulations 1988. The governing body is the Health Protection Agency (Centre for Infections).[5]

Children

There are also requirements for notification specific to children in the National standards for under 8s day care and childminding that state:

"Office for Standards in Education should be notified of any food poisoning affecting two or more children looked after on the premises, any child having meningitis or the outbreak on the premises of any notifiable disease identified as such in the Public Health (Control of Disease) Act 1984 or because the notification requirement has been applied to them by regulations (the relevant regulations are the Public Health (Infectious Diseases) Regulations 1988).

[6]

Animal

In the UK notification of diseases in animals is regulated by the Animal Health Act 1981, as well as the Specified Diseases (Notification and Slaughter) Order 1992 (as amended) and Specified Diseases (Notification) Order 1996 (as amended). The act states that a police constable should be notified, however in practice a Defra divisional veterinary manager is notified and Defra will investigate.[7]

United States

In the past, notifiable diseases in the United States varied according to the laws of individual states. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) also produced a list of nationally notifiable diseases that health officials should report to the CDC's National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS).[8] A uniform criterion for reporting diseases to the NNDSS was introduced in 1990.[citation needed]

See also: state health department

See also

References

  1. ^ International Health Regulations Review - background
  2. ^ WHO | International Health Regulations
  3. ^ WHO | Frequently asked questions about the International Health Regulations
  4. ^ Introduction to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System
  5. ^ HPA | NOIDS | General Information
  6. ^ HPA | NOIDS | Day Care and Child Minding (National Standards)
  7. ^ Defra, UK - Disease surveillance and control - Notifiable diseases
  8. ^ NNDSS History

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  • notifiable — [[t]no͟ʊtɪfaɪəb(ə)l[/t]] ADJ A notifiable disease or crime is one that must be reported to the authorities whenever it occurs, because it is considered to be dangerous to the community. Many doctors fail to report cases, even though food… …   English dictionary

  • notifiable — adjective Date: 1889 required by law to be reported to official health authorities < a notifiable disease > …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • notifiable — no·ti·fi·able nōt ə .fī ə bəl, .nōt ə adj required by law to be reported to official health authorities <a notifiable disease> * * * no·ti·fi·a·ble (no″tĭ fiґə bəl) necessary to be reported to a government health agency …   Medical dictionary

  • notifiable — no|ti|fi|a|ble [ˈnəutıfaıəbəl US ˈnou ] adj BrE technical a notifiable disease or crime is one that by law must be reported to the government or to the police …   Dictionary of contemporary English

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  • Disease surveillance — is an epidemiological practice by which the spread of disease is monitored in order to establish patterns of progression. The main role of disease surveillance is to predict, observe, and minimize the harm caused by outbreak, epidemic, and… …   Wikipedia

  • notifiable — ► ADJECTIVE ▪ (of an infectious disease) that must be officially reported …   English terms dictionary

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