Yohl Ik'nal

Yohl Ik'nal

Yohl Ik'nal, Ix Yohl Ik'nal or Ol Ik'nal (ruled December 21, 583 – November 7, 604) was a female ruler of the Mayan city of Palenque, ruling from 583 to 604, during the Mesoamerican Classic Period.[1] Her name means Heart of the Wind Place and she was the grandmother of K'inich Janaab' Pakal, Palenque's greatest king.[2] She was a descendent of K'uk' B'alam I, the founder of the Palenque dynasty and she came to power within a year of the death of her predecessor Kan B'alam I.[3] She was the first female ruler in recorded Maya history and was one of a very few female rulers known from Maya history to have borne a full royal title.[4] She must have come to the throne due to extremely unusual circumstances, the details of which have not survived.[5] She was the only woman to have ruled Palenque and was likely to have been either the sister or, more likely, the daughter of Kan B'alam, who left no male heir.[6]

During the reign of Ix Yohl Ik'nal, Palenque suffered an important defeat by Calakmul, one of the two great Maya powers of the Classic Period.[7] The battle took place on 23 April 599 but Ix Yohl Ik'nal reigned for several years more and died in AD 604.[8] After the defeat, Palenque apparently maintained its political identity but Ix Yohl Ik'nal probably had to pay tribute to the king of Calakmul.[9] There are indications that either Ix Yohl Ik'nal or her successor successfully rebelled against Calakmul's dominance before 611.[10]

Archaeologist Merle Greene Robertson has suggested that a vaulted tomb under Temple XX at Palenque is that of Queen Ix Yohl Ik'nal.[7] She was considered important enough to be depicted twice on the sarcophagus of her grandson K'inich Janaab' Pakal and to be sculpted in stucco on the wall of his tomb.[11]

Preceded by
Kan B'alam I
Queen of Palenque
December 23, 583 – November 7, 604
Succeeded by
Aj Ne' Yohl Mat

Notes

  1. ^ Stuart & Stuart 2008, pp.139-142. Sharer & Traxler 2006, p.459.
  2. ^ Webster 2002, p.132.
  3. ^ Stuart & Stuart 2008, p.139. Drew 1999, p.264.
  4. ^ Stuart & Stuart 2008, p.139. Martin & Grube 2000, p.159. Drew 1999, p.264.
  5. ^ Stuart & Stuart 2008, p.139.
  6. ^ Stuart & Stuart 2008, p.238. Martin & Grube 2000, p.159.
  7. ^ a b Stuart & Stuart 2008, p.140.
  8. ^ Stuart & Stuart 2008, pp.140-142.
  9. ^ Stuart & Stuart 2008, p.142.
  10. ^ Stuart & Stuart 2008, p.144.
  11. ^ Stuart & Stuart 2008, pp.177, 180.

References

Drew, David (1999). The Lost Chronicles of the Maya Kings. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-81699-3. OCLC 43401096. 
Martin, Simon; and Nikolai Grube (2000). Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London and New York: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-05103-8. OCLC 47358325. 
Sharer, Robert J.; with Loa P. Traxler (2006). The Ancient Maya (6th (fully revised) ed.). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446. 
Stuart, David; and George Stuart (2008). Palenque: Eternal City of the Maya. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-05156-6. OCLC 227016561. 
Webster, David L. (2002). The Fall of the Ancient Maya: Solving the Mystery of the Maya Collapse. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-05113-5. OCLC 48753878. 

External links


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать реферат

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Calakmul — For the surrounding municipality of the same name, see Calakmul (municipality). Ancient Maya City of Calakmul, Campeche * UNE …   Wikipedia

  • Calakmul — Cité maya de Calakmul, Campeche * Patrimoine mon …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Palenque — Parc national Palenque Catégorie UICN III (monument naturel) Identifiant 5405 Pays …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Palenque — Infobox World Heritage Site WHS = Pre Hispanic City and National Park of Palenque State Party = MEX Type = Cultural Criteria = i, ii, iii, iv ID = 411 Region = Latin America and the Caribbean Year = 1987 Session = 11th Link =… …   Wikipedia

  • Janaab' Pakal —  Ne doit pas être confondu avec K inich Janaab Pakal I. Janaab Pakal[1] (parfois qualifié « l ancien » ou appelé Pacal I pour le distinguer de Pacal II), mort le 6 mars 612[2], est un important personnage de la cité État …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Kan B'alam I — For other uses, see Kan Balam (disambiguation). K inich Kan B alam I (none of this is true, 524 – February 3, 583), also rendered as Kan Bahlam or Chan Balaam, (Pronounced:xaŋ βalɑm) was a prehistorical ruler of the Maya city of Palenque. He… …   Wikipedia

  • Women in Maya society — Earliest Representation of Women in Mesoamerica= Ceramic figurines have been found throughout Mesoamerica. Some of the earliest representations of women were figurines found at the sites of San Lorenzo and Paso de la Amada. Other sites include… …   Wikipedia

  • B'aakal — Überblick über Palenque mit der Pyramide der Inschriften (links) und dem Palast mit dem dazugehörigen Turm (rechts) …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Palenque — Überblick über Palenque mit der Pyramide der Inschriften (links) und dem Palast mit dem dazugehörigen Turm (rechts) …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Liste der Staatsoberhäupter 603 — Übersicht Liste der Staatsoberhäupter 603 | 604 | 605 | 606 | 607 | ► | ►► Weitere Ereignisse Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Afrika 2 Amerika …   Deutsch Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”