Hydrochloride

Hydrochloride

In chemistry, hydrochlorides are salts resulting, or regarded as resulting, from the reaction of hydrochloric acid with an organic base (mostly amines). This is also known as muriate, derived from hydrochloric acid's other name: muriatic acid.

For example, reaction of pyridine (C5H5N) with hydrochloric acid (HCl) yields pyridine hydrochloride (C5H5N·HCl). Even though this style of formula is often used for denoting the hydrochlorides, the dot incorrectly implies that the two molecules are weakly bonded together; rather, what is present is the salt C5H5NH+ Cl- with the correct chemical name pyridinium chloride.

Hydrochloric salts are most often referred to by using the name of the base, then simply tagging on hydrochloride or HCl. For example, while crack cocaine is the freebase of cocaine, the salt form is often referred to as cocaine HCl.

Uses

Converting insoluble amines into hydrochlorides is a common way to make them water- and acid-soluble. This is particularly desirable for substances used in medications. Many pharmaceutical substances are prepared as hydrochlorides so that they may be quickly released in the gastrointestinal tract; the body usually absorbs a hydrochloride within fifteen or thirty minutes. Very often hydrochlorides of amines have longer shelf-lives than their respective free bases.

Examples of hydrochlorides in medical uses are many, ranging from over-the-counter sinus relief to antidepressants.

See also


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  • Hydrochloride — sind Salze von organischen Basen mit Salzsäure. Oft sind Hydrochloride Salze von primären, sekundären oder tertiären Aminen, die sich in einer Neutralisationsreaktion mit Salzsäure (HCl) bilden: R3N + HCl → R3NH+ Cl– Die Reaktion verläuft analog… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Hydrochloride — Hy dro*chlo ride, n. (Chem.) A compound of hydrochloric acid with a base; distinguished from a chloride, where only chlorine unites with the base. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • hydrochloride — [hī΄drəklôr′īd΄] n. a compound of hydrochloric acid and an organic base, as amidol …   English World dictionary

  • hydrochloride — A compound formed by the addition of a hydrochloric acid molecule to a basic moiety on the substance; e.g., guanine h., glycine h.. * * * hy·dro·chlo·ride klō(ə)r .īd, klȯ(ə)r n a salt of hydrochloric acid with an organic base used esp. as a… …   Medical dictionary

  • hydrochloride — hidrochloridas statusas T sritis chemija apibrėžtis Organinės bazės ir HCl druska, HR·HCl. atitikmenys: angl. hydrochloride rus. гидрохлорид; хлоргидрат …   Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • hydrochloride — noun Date: 1826 a chemical complex composed of an organic base (as an alkaloid) in association with hydrogen chloride …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • hydrochloride — /huy dreuh klawr uyd, id, klohr /, n. a salt, esp. of an alkaloid, formed by the direct union of hydrochloric acid with an organic base that makes the organic constituent more soluble. [1820 30; HYDRO 2 + CHLORIDE] * * * …   Universalium

  • hydrochloride — noun A compound of hydrochloric acid with an organic base such as an amine …   Wiktionary

  • hydrochloride — n. chemical compound containing hydrochloric acid (Chemistry) …   English contemporary dictionary

  • hydrochloride — noun Chemistry a compound of an organic base with hydrochloric acid …   English new terms dictionary

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