Laccase

Laccase

Laccases (EC number|1.10.3.2) are copper-containing oxidase enzymes that are found in many plants, fungi, and microorganisms. The copper is bound in several sites; Type 1, Type 2, and/or Type 3. The ensemble of types 2 and 3 copper is called a trinuclear cluster (see figure). Laccases act on phenols and similar molecules, performing a one-electron oxidations, which remain poorly defined. It is proposed that laccases play a role in the formation of lignin by promoting the oxidative coupling of lignols, a family of naturally occurring phenols. [Edward I. Solomon, Uma M. Sundaram, Timothy E. Machonkin "Multicopper Oxidases and Oxygenases" Chemical Reviews, 1996, Volume 96, pp. 2563-2606.] Laccases can be polymeric, and the enzymatically active form can be a dimer or trimer.

The easiest way to detect activity in laccases is spectrophotometrically. Substrates that are commonly used with this method are ABTS, syringaldazine, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, and dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine. Activity can also be monitored with an oxygen sensor as the oxidation of the substrate is paired with the reduction of oxygen to water.

Applications and potential utility

Laccases have been examined as cathode in an enzyme catalyzed fuel cell. They can be paired with an electron mediator to facilitate electron transfer to a solid electrode wire.

Laccase is one of the few oxidoreductases commercialized as industrial catalysts. The enzyme can be used for textile dyeing/finishing, wine cork making, tooth whitening, and many other industrial, environmental, diagnostic, and synthetic uses [Feng Xu, (2005) Applications of oxidoreductases: Recent progress, Industrial Biotechnology 1, 38-50] .

Bioremediation- Protein ligand docking can also be used to predict the putative pollutants that can be degradable by the biodegradative proteins using Laccase enzyme. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=17606396]

References

External links

* [http://www.brenda.uni-koeln.de/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=1.10.3.2&organism= BRENDA]
*


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  • laccase — [ lakaz ] n. f. • 1895; de laque et ase ♦ Chim. Oxydase contenant du cuivre, qui se trouve associée à une gomme dans le latex de l arbre à laque, et existe aussi dans les betteraves, les navets, le trèfle. ● laccase nom féminin (de laque)… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Laccase — Laccasen (EC 1.10.3.2) sind kupferhaltige, „blaue“ Enzyme, die in vielen Pflanzen, Pilzen und Mikroorganismen vorkommen. Die erste Laccase wurde bereits 1883 aus dem Pflanzensaft des japanischen Lackbaumes (Rhus vernicifera) isoliert.[1]… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • laccase — noun Any of several copper containing oxidase enzymes found in plants and microorganisms …   Wiktionary

  • laccase — An enzyme oxidizing benzenediols to semiquinones with O2. SYN: monophenol monooxygenase (2), phenol oxidase, phenolase, polyphenol oxidase, urushiol oxidase …   Medical dictionary

  • Laccase — Lac|ca|se [zu ↑ Lack (wegen des Vorkommens im jap. Lackbaum); ↑ ase], die; , n; Syn.: p Diphenol Oxidase: eine mehrere Kupfer Atome enthaltende Polyphenol Oxidase aus Pflanzen u. Mikroorganismen …   Universal-Lexikon

  • Laccase — Lac|ca|se [...k...] vgl. ↑Lakkase …   Das große Fremdwörterbuch

  • laccase — lac·case …   English syllables

  • laccase — ˈlaˌkās noun ( s) Etymology: International Scientific Vocabulary lacc (probably from New Latin lacca) + ase; originally formed in French : a blue copper containing oxidase occurring especially in the sap of lacquer trees and having an ability to… …   Useful english dictionary

  • ccase — laccase occase …   Dictionnaire des rimes

  • Multicopper oxidase — (type 1) crystal structures of e. coli laccase cueo under different copper binding situations Identifiers Symbol Cu oxidase P …   Wikipedia

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