Bernardino Machado

Infobox Officeholder
honorific-prefix =
name =Bernardino Machado
honorific-suffix =


imagesize =200px
caption =
order =
office =Minister for Foreign Affairs
term_start =October 5, 1910
term_end =September 3, 1911
monarch =
primeminister =Teófilo Braga
(as President of the Provisional Government)
predecessor =José de Azevedo Castelo Branco
successor =João Chagas
order2 =60th Prime Minister of Portugal
(6th of the Republic)
(also Minister for Internal Affairs)
office2 =
term_start2 =February 9, 1914
term_end2 =December 12, 1914
monarch2 =
president2 =Manuel de Arriaga
predecessor2 =Afonso Costa
Rodrigo José Rodrigues (Min.)
successor2 =Victor Hugo de Azevedo Coutinho
Alexandre Braga (Min.)
order3 =
office3 =Minister for Foreign Affairs
term_start3 =February 9, 1914
term_end3 =May 23, 1914
monarch3 =
primeminister3 =Himself
predecessor3 =António Caetano Macieira
successor3 =Alfredo Augusto Freire de Andrade
order4 =
office4 =Minister for Justice
term_start4 =June 23, 1914
term_end4 =July 23, 1914
monarch4 =
primeminister4 =Himself
predecessor4 =Manuel Monteiro
successor4 =Eduardo Augusto de Sousa Monteiro
order5 =3rd
office5 =President of Portugal
term_start5 =August 6, 1915
term_end5 =December 5, 1917
monarch5 =
president5 =
predecessor5 =Teófilo Braga
successor5 =Sidónio Pais
(as Prime Minister Head of State
later as President)
order6 =80th Prime Minister of Portugal
(26th of the Republic
(also Minister for Internal Affairs)
office6 =
term_start6 =March 2, 1921
term_end6 =May 23, 1921
monarch6 =
president6 =António José de Almeida
predecessor6 =Liberato Pinto
(also as Minister)
successor6 =Tomé de Barros Queirós
Abel Hipólito (Min.)
order7 =
office7 =Minister for Agriculture (interim)
term_start7 =March 2, 1921-May 4, 1921
term_end7 =May 19, 1921-May 23, 1921
monarch7 =
primeminister7 =Himself
predecessor7 =João Gonçalves (1^st time)
Albano de Portugal Durão (2^nd time)
successor7 =Albano de Portugal Durão (1^st time)
Manuel de Sousa da Câmara (2^nd time)
order8 =8th
office8 =President of Portugal
term_start8 =December 11, 1925
term_end8 =May 31, 1926
monarch8 =
president8 =
predecessor8 =Manuel Teixeira Gomes
successor8 =José Mendes Cabeçadas
birth_date =birth date|1851|3|28|mf=y
birth_place =Rio de Janeiro, Empire of Brazil
death_date =death date and age|1944|4|29|1851|3|28|mf=y
death_place =Famalicão, Portugal
party =Portuguese Republican Party
(later Democratic Party)
spouse =Elisa Dantas Gonçalves Pereira, Mrs. Machado
relations =
children =Manuela, António Luís, António, Miguel Luís, Rita, Maria, Joaquina, Bernardino, Jerónima, Elzira, Inácio, Joana, Bento Luís, Sofia, Narciso Luís, Domingos Luís
residence =
alma_mater =University of Coimbra
occupation =Diplomat (Ambassador)
Mathematician
Professor at the University of Coimbra
profession =
religion =


website =
footnotes =

Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães, GCTE, GCL (pronounced|bɨɾnaɾˈdinu mɐˈʃadu) (Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 28 March 1851 – Porto, Portugal, 29 April 1944), was a famous Portuguese political figure, and twice president of Portugal (1915–17, 1925–26).

Early life

He was the son of António Luís Machado Guimarães, 1st Baron de Joane and a Nobleman of the Royal Household, a rich merchant raised to the Nobility, and his second wife Praxedes de Sousa Guimarães. He came to Portugal in 1860, enrolled at Coimbra University in 1866, studied Mathematics for 3 years, and graduated in Philosophy in 1873. In 1872, he chose to obtain Portuguese nationality. Continuing with his studies, obtained a doctorate in Philosophy in 1876, and graduation in General Agriculture and Rural Economy in 1883. He lectured at that institution since 1877.

In Porto in January 1882 he married Elisa Dantas Gonçalves Pereira (Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, December 15, 1865 - April 21, 1942), by whom he had sixteen children. One of his sons in law was writer Aquilino Ribeiro.

Political scene

He then turned to a second interest; in 1882 was elected to the Portuguese parliament for Lamego, and in 1886 for Coimbra. In 1890 and 1894 was also elected Peer of the Realm by the Coimbra University. During this period he was briefly Minister for Public Works on the Hintze Ribeiro cabinet, in 1893 and created the first labour court in Portugal. Taking a special interest in public education during his political activity he was made part of the Superior Council of Public Education in 1892, and published several books on the subject.Machado was also briefly President of the Directory of the Democratic Party in 1902, and after switching to the Republican Party, was this party's President of the Directory from 1906 to 1909. He was one of the few Monarchists-turned-Republican who switched still during Monarchy.

Once the Republic was proclaimed in 1910 he was made Minister for Foreign Affairs, and ran an unsuccessful campaign for the Presidential elections of 1911. Afterwards appointed ambassador to Brazil, made his political comeback in 1914 to lead one of many brief cabinets the country had in this period. Machado ran again to the Presidency in 1915 and was this time elected President of Portugal. In the course of his term, he would receive Germany's declaration of war (March, 1916), and would visit the Portuguese forces placed in France in the battlefields.

In 1917 the government was deposed by a military coup headed by Sidónio Pais, and Machado went into exile.

Upon Machado's return in 1919 he was elected Senator. He served as Prime Minister from 10 February to 23 May 1921. Once again, in 1925, he achieved the presidential office after President Teixeira Gomes resigned, only to be overthrown a year later (1926) by Gomes da Costa (See: 28th May 1926 coup d'état and Ditadura Nacional). The country remained under a military, then civilian, dictatorship until 1974.

For a second time he went into exile in France, where he continued to be very critical of the Portuguese regime. The German occupation of France in 1940 forced him to seek protection in Portugal, which the government granted him with the condition that he was to be confined to his personal retreat in the northern part of Portugal. It was there in Oporto that he died in 1944.

Personal life

He was father-in-law of the famous writer Aquilino Ribeiro.

Books

* "Introdução à Pedagogia", 1902
* "O Ensino", 1898
* "O Ensino Primário e Secundário", 1899
* "O Ensino Superior", 1900

Ancestors

Ancestors of Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães

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1= 1. Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães
2= 2. António Luís Machado Guimarães, 1.º Barão de Joane
3= 3. Praxedes de Sousa Guimarães
4= 4. Domingos Luís
5= 5. Joaquina Machado
6= 6. Bernardino de Sousa Guimarães
7= 7.
8= 8. António Luís
9= 9. Firmina Maria
10= 10. Manuel Caetano Machado
11= 11. Joana Maria Ferreira de Araújo
12= 12.
13= 13.
14= 14.
15= 15.
16= 16.
17= 17.
18= 18.
19= 19.
20= 20. António Fernandes de Abreu
21= 21. Maria Machado
22= 22. Domingos Ferreira de Araújo
23= 23. Eugénia Maria Álvares Pereira
24= 24.
25= 25.
26= 26.
27= 27.
28= 28.
29= 29.
30= 30.
31= 31.

Persondata
NAME=Machado, Bernardino
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães
SHORT DESCRIPTION=Portuguese president
DATE OF BIRTH=March 28, 1851
PLACE OF BIRTH=Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
DATE OF DEATH=April 29, 1944
PLACE OF DEATH=Porto, Portugal