William McMahon

Infobox Prime Minister
honorific-prefix = The Right Honourable
name=Sir William McMahon
honorific-suffix = GCMG CH


order=20th Prime Minister of Australia
Elections: 1972
term_start =10 March 1971
term_end =5 December 1972
deputy =Doug Anthony
predecessor =John Gorton
successor =Gough Whitlam
birth_date =birth date|1908|2|23|df=y
birth_place =Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
death_date =death date and age|1988|3|31|1908|2|23|df=y
party=Liberal
constituency = Lowe (New South Wales)

Sir William "Billy" McMahon, GCMG, CH (23 February 1908ndash 31 March 1988) was an Australian Liberal politician and the 20th Prime Minister of Australia

Early life

McMahon was born in Sydney, New South Wales, where his father was a lawyer. He was of Irish ancestryFact|date=November 2007.

He was educated at Sydney Grammar School and at the University of Sydney, where he graduated in law. He practised in Sydney with Allen, Allen & Hemsley (now Allens Arthur Robinson), the oldest law firm in Australia. In 1940 he joined the Army, but because of a hearing loss he was confined to staff work. After World War II he travelled in Europe and completed an economics degree.

Politics

McMahon was elected to the House of Representatives for the Sydney seat of Lowe in 1949, one of the flood of new Liberal MPs known as the "forty-niners". He was capable and ambitious, and in 1951 Prime Minister Robert Menzies made him Minister for Air and Minister for the Navy. Over the next 15 years he held the portfolios of Social Services, Commerce and Agriculture and Labour and National Service. In 1966, when Harold Holt became Prime Minister, McMahon succeeded him as Treasurer and as Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party.

Despite his steady advance, McMahon remained unpopular with his colleagues. He was highly capable, but seen as too ambitious and a schemer. He had never married, and there were frequent rumours that he was homosexual. [e.g. "As a bachelor navy minister he was notorious for co-opting handsome young sailors in tight-fitting bell-bottom trousers to caddy for him at golf". Charlton, Peter. "Australia's Prime Ministers" in "Birth Of Our Nation" Special Supplement, The "Courier-Mail", 2001; "former senior public servants recall McMahon when PM in the early 1970s would rove the men’s dressing rooms at the old squash courts in Manuka. Wearing not a stitch, he was in the habit of approaching other men and virtually demanding they engage in long, often meaningless conversations ... The only newspaper report was a picture of McMahon with a black eye, which he said occurred in a game when he was hit by an opponent’s racquet." Wright, Tony. "The Dishonorable Member" in "The Bulletin" 9 July 2005. See also: Mitchell, Susan "Stand By Your Man", Random House, October 2007 and Lady McMahon's response to Mitchell in "The Australian Women's Weekly", November 2007.] However, in 1965, aged 57, he married Sonia Rachel Hopkins (born August 1932), with whom he had three children: Melinda, Julian McMahon (the actor and model) and Debra.

When Holt drowned in December 1967, McMahon was assumed to be his automatic successor. But John McEwen, interim Prime Minister and leader of the Country Party, announced that he and his party would not serve in a government led by McMahon. McEwen did not state his reasons publicly, but privately he told McMahon he did not trust him. There was also McEwen's personal dislike of McMahon for the reasons suggested in the previous paragraph, but also McEwen, an arch-protectionist, correctly suspected that McMahon favoured policies of free trade and deregulation.

McMahon therefore withdrew, and John Gorton won the party room ballot. McMahon became Foreign Minister and waited for his chance at a comeback. He stood as a candidate for the Liberal Party leadership (and therefore Prime Minister, as the Liberal/Country Party coalition held a majority in the House of Representatives) after the 1969 election but was defeated by Gorton. In January 1971 McEwen retired as Country Party leader and his successor, Doug Anthony, did not continue the veto against McMahon. In March 1971 the Defence Minister, Malcolm Fraser, resigned from Cabinet and denounced Gorton, who then called a party meeting. When the confidence vote in Gorton was tied, he resigned, and McMahon was elected leader.

McMahon found being Prime Minister an unenjoyable experience. The Vietnam War and conscription had become very unpopular. He was unable to match the performance of Labor leader, Gough Whitlam, who campaigned on radical new policies such as universal health insurance. He was undermined by plotting from Gorton's supporters. He attacked Whitlam over his policy of recognising the People's Republic of China, then had to back down when President Nixon announced his visit to China.

His reputation for economic management was undermined by high inflation. His voice and appearance came across badly on television, and he was no match in parliamentary debates for Whitlam, a witty and powerful orator. The press further weakened McMahon's popularity.

McMahon lost his nerve, and in the December 1972 election campaign he was outperformed by Whitlam and subjected to further humiliation in the press. When Whitlam won the election McMahon resigned the Liberal leadership.

He had been a minister continuously for 21 years and 6 months, a record in the Australian Parliament. Only Sir George Pearce and John McEwen had longer overall ministerial service, but their terms were not continuous.

McMahon served in the Shadow Cabinet under his successor, Billy Snedden, but was dropped after the 1974 election. In 1977, he was knighted. He stayed in Parliament as a backbencher until his resignation in 1982, by which time he was the longest-serving member of the House.

He died of cancer in Sydney in 1988, aged 80.

Honours

William McMahon was appointed a Privy Counsellor in 1966, a Companion of Honour in the New Years Day Honours of 1972 [ [http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/honour_roll/search.cfm?aus_award_id=1065991&search_type=simple&showInd=true It's an Honourndash CH] ] and Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George in the Queen's Birthday Honours of 1977 [ [http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/honour_roll/search.cfm?aus_award_id=1073780&search_type=simple&showInd=true It's an Honourndash GCMG] ] .

See also

*McMahon Ministry

References

External links

* [http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/meetpm.asp?pmId=20 William McMahon] ndash Australia's Prime Ministers / National Archives of Australia
* [http://colsearch.nfsa.afc.gov.au/nfsa/search/display/display.w3p;adv=yes;group=;groupequals=;holdingType=;page=0;parentid=;query=Number%3A357311;querytype=;rec=0;resCount=10 William Mcmahon at the National Film and Sound Archive]

Persondata
NAME=McMahon, William
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
SHORT DESCRIPTION=Prime Minister of Australia
DATE OF BIRTH=23 February 1908
PLACE OF BIRTH=Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
DATE OF DEATH=31 March 1988
PLACE OF DEATH=Sydney, New South Wales, Australia