Featherston prisoner of war camp

Featherston prisoner of war camp was a camp for captured Japanese soldiers during World War II at Featherston, New Zealand. It had been established during World War I as the largest military training camp in New Zealand. At the request of the United States, in September 1942 it was re-established as a P.O.W. camp. The commandant was Major R. H. Perrett, who was succeeded by Lieutenant Colonel D.H. Donaldson in mid December, 1942. Medical services were provided by a 40-bed hospital, which saw its first patient on 18 August 1943. About 800 prisoners from the Battle of Guadalcanal were housed there, many of them conscripts.

The camp's most infamous event was on 25 February 1943 during a sit-in of 240 prisoners, who refused to work. The exact sequence of events is not known, but Lieutenant Adachi was shot and wounded by the camp adjutant. This led to the prisoners either charging or appearing to charge the guards, who opened fire with rifles and sub-machine guns. Thirty seconds later 31 prisoners were dead, with another 17 dying later of their injuries, and 74 wounded. On the New Zealand side, one person was killed and six wounded. A military court of enquiry exonerated New Zealand. It found that there were cultural differences in the camp, which led to the deadly actions and needed to be addressed. Among the issues was that the Japanese did not know that under the Third Geneva Convention compulsory work was allowed.

As the end of the war neared, the prisoners began to worry about their future position in Japanese society. In September 1944 they told a neutral inspector that provision needed to be made for them to return as honourable citizens, or that they be given asylum on a Pacific island. They said if something could not be done mass suicide might result. After the end of the war they also worried that they could be attacked in New Zealand over the conditions of Japanese prisoner of war camps. The prisoners embarked on 30 December 1945, travelling to Japan on two large American LSTs (tank landing ships).

References

* [http://www.teara.govt.nz/NewZealanders/NewZealandPeoples/Japanese/2/ENZ-Resources/Standard/3/en Featherston prisoner of war camp] , from Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand.
*cite book
last = Stout
first = T. D. M.
title = Medical Services in New Zealand and The Pacific
url = http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2PMed-pt5-c1-14.html
accessdate = 2006-08-19
year = 1958
pages = 289–290
chapter = XIV: Military Hospital, Prisoner-of-war Camp, Featherston
*cite book
last = Mason
first = Walter Wynne
title = Prisoners of War
url = http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2Pris-_N105178.html
accessdate = 2006-08-19
year = 1954
pages = 520–523
chapter = V: Japanese Prisoners of War in New Zealand
* [http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/classroom/event-featherston The Featherston Incident, 25 February 1943]
* [http://www.diggerhistory3.info/featherston/ Featherston Military Training Camp, World War I (eText)]