GenBank

GenBank

The GenBank sequence database is an open access, annotated collection of all publicly available nucleotide sequences and their protein translations. This database is produced at National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) as part of the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration, or INSDC. GenBank and its collaborators receive sequences produced in laboratories throughout the world from more than 100,000 distinct organisms. GenBank continues to grow at an exponential rate, doubling every 18 months. Release 155, produced in August 2006, contained over 65 billion nucleotide bases in more than 61 million sequences. GenBank is built by direct submissions from individual laboratories, as well as from bulk submissions from large-scale sequencing centers.

Direct submissions are made to GenBank using BankIt, which is a Web-based form, or the stand-alone submission program, Sequin. Upon receipt of a sequence submission, the GenBank staff assigns an Accession number to the sequence and performs quality assurance checks. The submissions are then released to the public database, where the entries are retrievable by Entrez or downloadable by FTP. Bulk submissions of Expressed Sequence Tag (EST), Sequence Tagged Site (STS), Genome Survey Sequence (GSS), and High-Throughput Genome Sequence (HTGS) data are most often submitted by large-scale sequencing centers. The GenBank direct submissions group also processes complete microbial genome sequences.

History

Walter Goad of the [http://www.t10.lanl.gov/ Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group] at Los Alamos National Laboratory and others established the Los Alamos Sequence Database in 1979, which culminated in 1982 with the creation of the public GenBank funded by the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, the Department of Energy and the Department of Defense. LANL collaborated on GenBank with the firm Bolt, Beranek, and Newman, and by the end of 1983 more than 2,000 sequences were stored in it.

In the mid 1980s, the Intelligenetics bioinformatics company at Stanford University managed the GenBank project in collaboration with LANL. As one of the earliest bioinformatics community projects on the Internet, the GenBank project started BIOSCI/Bionet news groups for promoting open access communications among bioscientists. During 1989 to 1992, the GenBank project transitioned to the newly created National Center for Biotechnology Information.

Growth of GenBank

The [ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/genbank/gbrel.txt GenBank release notes] for release 162.0 (October, 2007) state that "from 1982 to the present, the number of bases in GenBank has doubled approximately every 18 months." The following plot clearly shows the exponential growth. (On a semi-log scale such as this, a straight line represents an exponential change.)

The GenBank database includes additional data sets which are constructed mechanically from the main sequence data collection, and therefore are excluded from this count.

ee also

* Ensembl
* HPRD
* Sequence analysis
* Sequence profiling tool
* Sequence motif
* UniProt
* List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes
* List of sequenced archeal genomes
* RefSeq - the Reference Sequence Database

References

* [http://www.lanl.gov/orgs/pa/News/112100.html Walter Goad, GenBank founder, obituary]
*
* [http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/bionews/1994-January/000877.html LANL GenBank History]
*

External links

* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=nucleotide GenBank]
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?db=nucleotide&val=28302128 Example sequence record, for hemoglobin beta]
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BankIt/ BankIt]
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Sequin/index.html Sequin]
* [http://emboss.sourceforge.net Emboss]
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=handbook.section.GenBank_ASM GenBank, RefSeq, TPA and UniProt: What’s in a Name?]

ources

*NCBI-handbook


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно решить контрольную?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • GenBank — es la base de datos de secuencias genéticas del NIH (National Institutes of Health de Estados Unidos), una colección de disponibilidad pública de secuencias de ADN. Realiza una puesta al día cada dos meses. GenBank es parte de International… …   Wikipedia Español

  • GenBank — ist eine der drei großen DNA Sequenzdatenbanken, als Teil des National Institutes of Health der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika. Derzeit enthält die Datenbank mehr als 189 Millionen Einträge mit zusammen über 299 Milliarden Basen von mehr als 380 …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • GenBank — es la base de datos de secuencias genéticas del NIH (National Institutes of Health de EE.UU.), una colección de disponibilidad pública de secuencias de ADN. Realiza una puesta al día cada dos meses. GenBank es parte de International Nucleotide… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Genbank — ⇒ Passagier DNA …   Deutsch wörterbuch der biologie

  • GenBank — La GenBank est une banque de gènes (qui s appelle maintenant Nucleotide) américaine en libre accès de toutes les séquences de nucléotides publiquement disponibles et de leur traduction en protéines. Cette base de données a été créée au Centre… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Genbank — Eine Genbibliothek, auch genomische Bibliothek, DNA Bibliothek oder Genbank, beherbergt das gesamte Genom eines Organismus in Form von definierten DNA Teilstücken auf Vektoren in einzelligen Träger Organismen oder Phagen. Diese Träger Organismen… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • GenBank — GenBank  база данных, содержащая последовательности ДНК, расположенная на сервере Национального центра биотехнологической информации США. На 15 февраля 2012 года GenBank содержал информацию о 149 819 246 локусах, 137 384 889 783 нук …   Википедия

  • Genbank — Gen|bank, die <Pl. en> (Bot., Landwirtsch.): Einrichtung zur Sammlung, Erhaltung u. Nutzung des Genmaterials bestimmter Pflanzenarten: eine G. für traditionelle Kräuter. * * * Genbank,   Genbibliothek,    1) Einrichtungen, in denen… …   Universal-Lexikon

  • Genbank-Kulturpflanzen — Eine Genbibliothek, auch genomische Bibliothek, DNA Bibliothek oder Genbank, beherbergt das gesamte Genom eines Organismus in Form von definierten DNA Teilstücken auf Vektoren in einzelligen Träger Organismen oder Phagen. Diese Träger Organismen… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Genbank — Ge̲n·bank die; , Gen·ban·ken; eine Institution, in der besonders Samen von sehr vielen verschiedenen Planzen konserviert werden, um möglichst viele Gene zu bewahren …   Langenscheidt Großwörterbuch Deutsch als Fremdsprache

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”