Pieter and François Hemony

François Hemony (±1609-1667) and his brother Pieter (Pierre) Hemony (1619-1680) were the greatest carillon bell founders in the history of the Low Countries. They developed the carillon into a full-fledged musical instrument by casting the first tuned carillon in 1644.

The brothers' skill was unequaled in their time; after their death, their guarded trade secrets were lost, and not until the 19th century were bells of comparable tuning quality cast. Even today, most Hemony bells sound pure and clear.

The brothers Hemony were born in Levécourt (in Champagne-Ardenne, France in present-day) into a family of bell founders who travelled throughout Europe to cast bells. It is likely that they relocated their business to Germany during the Thirty Years' War, where François cast his first swinging bell. In 1641, they first cast swinging bells in the Netherlands for the Reformed Church in Goor, but their career reached a watershed when they settled in Zutphen and cast the world's first tuned carillon, installed in Zutphen's Wijnhuistoren tower, in 1644. Sadly, that instrument was lost to fire in 1920.

François and Pieter developed their ability to build and tune carillons in close cooperation with Jacob van Eyck (±1590-1657), a musician and composer who developed a method of precisely identifying the overtones of bells. Van Eyck, appointed city carillonneur of Utrecht in 1642, had drawn the attention of leading scientists of his day, such as Christiaan Huygens (his relative) and René Descartes, with his ability to isolate five partials of a bell by whistling to create sympathetic resonance.

When struck, a bell produces a number of partials which, if imprecisely tuned, can create an unpleasant sound and which prevents it from harmonizing in accordance with other bells. To address this problem, the Hemony brothers gave their bells a particular profile and thickened it in certain places. The bells were then tuned by hollowing ridges from specific parts of the inner wall until the first few partials were acceptably in tune.

In 1657, the brothers parted ways. François moved to Amsterdam, at the invitation of the city government, to establish a foundry. He cast twenty carillons as well as statues for various sculptors, such as Artus I Quellinus. Pieter travelled through the southern Netherlands, particularly Ghent in present-day Belgium, where he cast the great carillon for the Belfry of Ghent. However, following conflicts with the city of Ghent over the quality of his work, Pieter in 1664 rejoined his brother in Amsterdam where, together, they cast some of their finest carillons, including that of the Dom Tower of Utrecht. Bell production temporarily ceased following the outbreak of the Second Anglo-Dutch War in 1665 as they devoted their foundry to casting artillery.

A few days after writing his will, François Hemony died on May 24, 1667. For his funeral at the Nieuwe Kerk in Amsterdam, a bell of his own casting was tolled for 3.5 hours. Although Pieter would resume casting carillons in 1670, the foundry's best production had come to an end. Pieter died on February 20, 1680.

In August 2002, divers made a remarkable discovery in a 17th-century shipwreck near the island of Texel, the Netherlands. They found a perfectly preserved bell which, according to the text engraved on it, had been cast at the Amsterdam foundry of François Hemony in 1658. The bell weighs 132 kg and is 59.5 cm in diameter.

Carillons

In total, the brothers cast 51 carillons for towers in The Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, and other countries, including:

* The City Hall of Amsterdam, now the Royal Palace on Dam Square
* The Oude Kerk in Amsterdam
* The Westerkerk in Amsterdam - this carillon was heard by Anne Frank during her time in hiding
* The Zuiderkerk in Amsterdam
* The Munttoren in Amsterdam - this carillon is now on display at the Amsterdam Historical Museum
* The Cathedral of Saint Bavo in Haarlem
* The Martinitoren in Groningen
* The Dom Tower of Utrecht
* The Cathedral of Antwerp
* The Belfry of Ghent

Although many Hemony carillons survive today, many others have been lost due to war and fires.

Sources

*André Lehr, "De klokkengieters François en Pieter Hemony" (Asten, 1959)
* [http://www.carillon-museum.nl/algemeen/objecten/hemony.htm Carillon Museum]
* [http://www.kunstbus.nl/verklaringen/hemony.html Kunstbus]
* [http://www.carillon.org/eng/actueel/asten_2.htm World Carillon Federation]
* [http://www.msu.edu/~carillon/batmbook/chapter7.htm Bells and Their Music] , online reprint of the 1970 book by Wendell Westcott
* [http://www.kirnberger.fsnet.co.uk/bells.htm Nigel Taylor's Tuning Page]
* [http://kijkopzutphen.nl/Monumenten-wijnhuistoren-carillion.htm Kijk op Zutphen]