Hugronaphor

Hugronaphor (also known as Hurganophor, Haronnophris, Harmachis, Hyrgonaphor, Herwennefer, or Horwennefer) was an Upper Egyptian of apparently Nubian origin [Bianchi, op.cit. p.224] who led Upper Egypt in secession from the rule of Ptolemy IV Philopator in 205 BC. No monuments are attested to this king but along with his successor Ankhmakis (also known as Chaonnophris or Ankhwennefer [Hölbl, op.cit. p.155] ) he held a large part of Egypt until 186 BC. A graffito on an Abydos temple wall giving him the Greek name Hyrgonaphor and dating to about 201 BC is an attestation to the extent of his influence [Hölbl, op.cit. p.155] . He appears to have died before 197 BC.

The graffito in the mortuary temple of Seti I at Abydos, one of the few documents remaining from his reign, is written in Egyptian using Greek letters, the oldest testimony of a development which would end in the Coptic script replacing the native Egyptian demotic. [Clarysse (2004)]

References

* "History of the Ptolemaic Empire" by Günther Hölbl, Routledge 2000, pp.155ff.
* "Daily Life Of The Nubians" by Robert Steven Bianchi, Greenwood Press 2004, p.224
* "The Jews of Egypt: From Rameses II to Emperor Hadrian" by Joseph Mélèze Modrzejewski, Princeton University Press 1997, p.150
* [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~tebtunis/lecture/revolt.html Willy Clarysse (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven), "The Great Revolt of the Egyptians", Lecture held at the Center for the Tebtunis Papyri, University of California at Berkeley, on March 16, 2004, accessed 15th August 2006]