430s BC

Events and trends

* 439 BC — Cincinnatus again became dictator of the Roman Republic, during which he defeated the Volsci.
* 439 BC — According to legend, Gaius Servilius Ahala saves Rome from Spurius Maelius.
* 438 BC — Ictinus and Callicrates finish construction of the Parthenon, located on Athens' Acropolis.
* 435 BC — The Statue of Zeus at Olympia by Phidias, one of the seven wonders of the world, is completed.
* 434 BC — Conflict occurs between the Greek island of Kerkyra and its mother-city Corinth.
* 434 BC — Anaxagoras tries to square the circle with straightedge and compass.
* 433 BC — Battle of Sybota between Corcyra and Corinth.
* 433 BC (or later) — Burial of Marquis Yi of Zeng in China.
* 432 BC — Meton introduces a 19-year cycle metonic cycle into Athens synchronizing the lunar and solar calendars.
* 432 BC — Athens defeats Corinth in the battle of Potidaea.
* 432 BC — The Greek colony of Heraclea is founded by Tarentum and Thurii.
* 431 BC — The Peloponnesian War begins between Sparta and Athens and their allies.
* 431 BC — Defeat of the Aequians by the Romans under the dictator A. Postumius Tubertus.
* 431 BC — The Greek physician and philosopher Empedocles articulates the notion that the human body has four humors: blood, bile, black bile, and phlegm, a belief which dominates medical thinking for centuries.
* 430 BC — Athens suffers a major pestilence, believed to be caused by epidemic typhus.
* c. 430 BC — First performance of Sophocles's "Oedipus the King".
* 430s BC — 405 BC — Mnesikles builds Erechtheion, Acropolis, Athens.

Births

* 436 BC — Isocrates, Athenian orator (d. 338 BC)
* c. 436 BC — Artaxerxes II, king of Persia (d. 358 BC)
* 435 BC — Philoxenus of Cythera, Greek dithyrambic poet (d. 380 BC)
* c. 432 BC — Dionysius, tyrant of Syracuse (d. 367 BC)

Deaths

* 437 BC — Volumnius, Etruscan ruler (d. in Veii)
* c. 430 BC — Empedocles, Greek philosopher (b. c. 490 BC)
* c. 430 BC — Phidias, Greek sculptor (b. c. 480 BC)
* c. 430 BC — Zeno of Elea, Greek philosopher (b. c. 490 BC)
* c. 430 BC — Myron of Eleutherae, Boetia, Greece, sculptor