White-chested White-eye

Taxobox
name = White-chested White-eye
regnum = Animalia
status = CR
status_system = iucn2.3


image_caption = White-chested White-eye (John Gould artwork)
image_width = 250px
phylum = Chordata
classis = Aves
ordo = Passeriformes
familia = Zosteropidae
genus = "Zosterops"
species = "Z. albogularis"
binomial = "Zosterops albogularis"
binomial_authority = Gould, 1837The White-chested White-eye ("Zosterops albogularis") also known as White-breasted White-eye or Norfolk White-eye is a passerine from the family Zosteropidae. It is endemic to Norfolk Island between New Caledonia and New Zealand and it is regarded as one of the rarest birds in the world. In 2000 the Australian government has considered the species extinct on Norfolk Island.Department of the Environment and Heritage. [http://www.deh.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicthreatenedlist.pl?wanted=fauna#frogs%20that%20are%20Extinct EPBC Act List of Threatened Fauna] ]

Description

It reaches a length up to fourteen centimetres and therefore it is one of the largest white-eyes. The wingspan is 7.5 cm and the weight is about 30 grams. Its appearance is characterized by a pale green head, an olive green coloured neck and white throat and belly parts. A further feature is a conspicuous eye ring of white feathers. Males and females are coloured similarly. Its diet consists of fruits, berries, nectar, and insects. Its only habitat is a 5 km² large forested area around Mount Pitt on Norfolk Island where it lives solitary. In the breeding season from October to December the couple build a cup-shaped nest in which two white eggs are laid. The incubation time lasts eleven days and another eleven days later the juveniles became fully fledged.

Threats

The largest threats are habitat destruction and invasive species. The decline of the White-chested White-eye began as the introduced Silvereye ("Zosterops lateralis") became naturalized on Norfolk Island. It displaced the White-chested White-eye from its breeding range. From the 1940s rats destroyed the nests and clearing of the forests led to a severely decline of the population to only 50 individuals in 1962. In 1986 the Norfolk Island National Park was established to save this bird from extinction, but because of the fluctuation of this species, surveys remained often unsuccessful. In 1978 only four individuals where monitored, a sighting in 2000 resulted in one individual; bird watchers claimed to have seen the bird in 2005 [Hirschfeld, E. (editor) (2007): Rare Birds Yearbook 2008, Magdig Media Ltd., Shrewsbury, England ISBN 978-0-9552607-3-5] , however official surveys have not recorded the species since 1980. [Department of the Environment and Heritage. [http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/publications/norfolk-island/attachment2.html#animals What the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) means for Norfolk Island] ] A predator-exclusion fence was built around the last remained habitat in the Norfolk Island National Park [Hirschfeld, E. (editor) (2007): Rare Birds Yearbook 2008, Magdig Media Ltd., Shrewsbury, England ISBN 978-0-9552607-3-5]

References

External links

*IUCN2008|assessors=BirdLife International|year=2004|id=148292|title=Zosterops albogularis|downloaded=8 October 2008 Database entry includes justification for why this species is critically endangered
* [http://www.deh.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/action/birds2000/pubs/wc-white-eye.pdf Recovery Outline White-chested White-eye (engl.)]
* [http://www.markuskappeler.ch/tex/texs/brillenvogel.html Markus Kappeler - Norfolk-Brillenvogel] (german)
* [http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=7503&m=0#FurtherInfo Birdlife factsheet (engl.)]
* [http://gallery.shapero.com/index.php?detail=59875&type=print&cat=Birds%2Fornithology&subcat=All Print by John Gould from the Collection Birds of Australia 1840 - 1848]