Viktor Knorre

Viktor Knorre (October 4, 1840 – August 25 1919) was a Russian astronomer of German ethnic origin.

Biography and family background

Viktor Knorre was born into a three-generation astronomer family. His grandfather, Ernst Friedrich Knorre, had moved from Germany to Dorpat (now Tartu, Estonia) where he worked (1803-10) as "Observator" for the Dorpat observatory (opened in 1802) and professor of Mathematics at the University of Dorpat. Victor Knorre's father, Karl Friedrich Knorre, set up and was director of the Nikolayev Astronomical Observatory starting in 1827.

Viktor was born - the fifth one of fifteen children - in Nikolayev (now Mykolayiv, Ukraine). He moved to Berlin in 1862 to study astronomycite web|url=http://www.univie.ac.at/jenam2008/colloquium/webpro.doc|last=Pinigin|first=Gennady|title="Abstract of "The Astromonical Dynasty of Knorre", a paper given at JENAM 2008 astronomical conference in Vienna|publisher=University of Vienna|accessdate=2008-08-16] with Wilhelm Julius Foerster. He worked at Pulkovo Observatory in 1867 as an astronomical calculatorcite book|last=Batten|first=Alan Henry|title=Resolute and Undertaking Characters|publisher=Springer|date=1988|series=Astrophysics and Space Science Library|volume=139|pages=17|isbn=978-90-277-2652-0|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=kXSjxkg0rRgC&pg=PT280&lpg=PT280&dq=viktor+knorre&source=web&ots=5WCP9cpOId&sig=Z6zyCb3u2lgke151GRTx-5XDmfI&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=10&ct=result#PPT6,M1] and then at Berlin Observatory, where his father moved circa 1871.

Astronomer

From 1873, he was observer at the Berlin Observatory. Knorre discovered four asteroids. [http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/lists/MPDiscsNum.html] He did not teach students at the University of Berlin; instead he gave introductions into the use of the telescopes of the Observatory. In 1892 he was appointed Professor of Astronomy. Knorre took an interest in the improvement of astronomical equipment, and published papers on an improved equatorial telescope mount, referred to as the "Knorre & Heele" mount.

Chess master

Knorre was also known as a strong chess player, playing among others against Adolf Anderssen, Gustav Neumann and Johannes Zukertort. He took part in several chess tournaments during the 1860s. [ [http://www.anders.thulin.name/SUBJECTS/CHESS/CTCIndex.pdf Name Index to Jeremy Gaige's Chess Tournament Crosstables, An Electronic Edition] , Anders Thulin, Malmö, 2004-09-01] [cite web
url=http://db.chessmetrics.com/CM2/PlayerProfile.asp?Params=199510SSSSS3S066190000000111000000000016510100
title=Chessmetrics Player Profile: Victor Knorre]

In the Two Knights Defense the "Knorre variation" (ECO code C59) is named after him. It follows the main line of the Two Knights defense for the first ten moves, and is characterized by the moves 10. Ne5 Bd6 11. d4 Qc7 12. Bd2. [cite web
url=http://chess-ref.org/opening.php?id=1308
title=chess-ref.org: Two knights defence, Knorre variation (ECO: C59)] The Knorre variation of the Open defense in the Ruy Lopez, characterized by the move 6. Nc3, is also named after Knorre. [cite web
url=http://chess-ref.org/opening.php?id=1412
title=chess-ref.org: Ruy Lopez, Open, Knorre variation (ECO: C80)]

References

External links

* M. Ebell: [http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1919AN....209..367E Obituary on Viktor Knorre] , in: Astronomische Nachrichten, 1919, volume 209, p.367 (in German)
* [http://www.plicht.de/chris/21knorre.htm Biographical information on Viktor Knorre]
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